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The non-linear behavior of aqueous model ice in downward flexure

机译：水模型冰在向下弯曲中的非线性行为

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摘要

As aqueous model ice is used extensively in ice tanks tests on the performance of ship hulls in sheet ice, it is imperative that such model ice replicate the main flexural strength behavior of sheets of sea ice and freshwater ice. Ice tanks use various types of aqueous model ice types, each of which contain brine dopants to scale-reduce ice-sheet strength. Dopants, though, introduce non-linear trends in the scaled flexural behavior of model ice sheets, and can affect ice loads and ice-rubble at ship-hulls and structures. This paper analyzes the non-linear behavior of model ice, and shows that all types behave non-linearly in flexure independent from crystal structure or chemical dopant. Such behavior is attributable to plasticity and vertical variations in stiffness and strength through sheets of model ice. Additionally, the problematic formation of a top layer in model ice sheets is shown to have a greater impact of sheet behavior than the literature reports heretofore. There remains a significant knowledge gap regarding the freezing and movement of brine dopants within ice sheets and their impact on the non-linear behavior. Additionally, it is found that the Hertz method for estimating the Cauchy number of model ice does not reflect the actual deformation behavior of model ice and should be revised.
机译：由于水性模型冰已广泛用于冰柜测试薄冰中船体的性能，因此必须使这种模型冰复制海冰和淡水冰的主要抗弯强度行为。冰罐使用各种类型的水性模型冰，每种类型都包含盐水掺杂剂，以缩小冰盖的强度。但是，掺杂剂会在模型冰盖的按比例弯曲行为中引入非线性趋势，并且会影响船体和结构上的冰负荷和冰瓦砾。本文分析了模型冰的非线性行为，表明所有类型的冰的非线性行为都与晶体结构或化学掺杂剂无关。这种行为归因于可塑性以及通过模型冰片的刚度和强度的垂直变化。另外，与迄今为止的文献报道相比，显示出在模型冰盖中有问题的顶层形成对冰盖行为的影响更大。在冰盖中盐水掺杂剂的冻结和移动及其对非线性行为的影响方面，仍然存在很大的知识空白。此外，发现估计模型冰的柯西数的赫兹方法不能反映模型冰的实际变形行为，应加以修改。

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