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首页> 外文期刊>Cold regions science and technology >Evaluating the performance of an operational infrasound avalanche detection system at three locations in the Swiss Alps during two winter seasons
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Evaluating the performance of an operational infrasound avalanche detection system at three locations in the Swiss Alps during two winter seasons

机译：在两个冬季，评估瑞士阿尔卑斯山三个地点的次声雪崩检测系统的性能

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摘要

Avalanche occurrences are unambiguous indicators of unstable snow conditions. Information on past and current avalanche activity is therefore crucial for avalanche forecasting. To continuously assess avalanche activity, automatic detection systems are required. In recent years, technological and signal processing advances have led to the development of operational infrasound avalanche detection systems. We evaluated the detection performance of four operationally running infrasound detection systems installed at three different sites in the Swiss Alps during two entire winter seasons. To this end, we collected a comprehensive data set of avalanche activity using a network of automatic cameras and supplementary field observations by local observers. The events automatically identified by the systems were then compared to the data set of visually observed avalanches. Only 3% of the 839 observed avalanches were associated with automatic detections and 21% of the automatic detections were confirmed by field observations. However, the majority of observed avalanches were small and most automatic detections occurred during periods of poor visibility. Furthermore, the probability of detection (POD) increased with avalanche size, decreased with distance, and varied with avalanche type. Dry-snow avalanches were generally better detected than wet-snow and mixed-type avalanches. Large avalanches (on the order of 300 m wide and 1000 m long) within a distance of 3 km from the array were typically well detected (POD approximate to 90%). The false alarm ratio was estimated to 13-30%.
机译：雪崩的发生清楚地表明了不稳定的雪况。因此，有关过去和当前雪崩活动的信息对于雪崩预测至关重要。为了持续评估雪崩活动，需要自动检测系统。近年来，技术和信号处理的进步导致了可操作的次声雪崩检测系统的发展。我们评估了安装在瑞士阿尔卑斯山三个不同地点的四个运行中的次声探测系统在整个两个冬季的探测性能。为此，我们使用自动照相机网络和当地观察员的补充野外观测收集了雪崩活动的全面数据集。然后将系统自动识别的事件与视觉观察到的雪崩数据集进行比较。在839个雪崩中，只有3％与自动检测有关，而21％的自动检测由现场观察证实。但是，大多数观察到的雪崩很小，大多数自动检测发生在能见度较差的时期。此外，检测概率（POD）随着雪崩大小的增加而增加，随着距离的增加而减小，并且随着雪崩类型的变化而变化。通常，干雪崩比湿雪崩和混合型雪崩更好。通常可以很好地检测到距阵列3 km之内的大型雪崩（宽度为300 m，长度为1000 m）（POD约为90％）。误报率估计为13-30％。

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