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首页> 外文期刊>Cold regions science and technology >Sensitivity of the light field under sea ice to spatially inhomogeneous optical properties and incident light assessed with three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations
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Sensitivity of the light field under sea ice to spatially inhomogeneous optical properties and incident light assessed with three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations

机译：海冰下光场对空间非均匀光学特性和入射光的敏感性（通过三维蒙特卡洛辐射转移模拟进行评估）

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摘要

Light transmittance through sea ice is affected by surface cover and ice optical properties in the vicinity of the measurement. We present three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of light propagation in sea ice to derive upper bounds on the lateral spread of light. Our results give guidance on equipment design and on the possibility of using one-dimensional light transfer models to describe transmittance. Rules were derived for simple cases of optically homogeneous slabs. In the absence of absorption, 10% and 90% of the flux detected under optically thick, homogeneous ice are incident on the surface within a radius of less than 0.3 and 2.0 times the ice thickness, respectively. Any increase in optical thickness or absorption in the ice will reduce these radii. For example, the wavelength-dependent absorption of ice results in a 20% reduction at 700 nm. Optical anisotropy of the slab was also found to produce potentially significant spatial narrowing of the transmitted light field. In the case of direct sunlight, the photon path is displaced toward the sun relative to the location of the detector. This distortion can reach 1 m or more in optically thick, ponded ice but will be negligible under a surface scattering layer or snow cover. Case studies showed that transmittance of diffuse light in the vicinity of a semi-infinite surface obstruction could be approximated with exponential and error functions. An absorbing cylindrical perturbation of 0.05 m diameter in 1 m thick ice placed 1 m from the point of measurement will absorb less than 1 % of the light otherwise registered by the detector. Many results for transmitted light were independent of the mean cosine of the scattering phase function.
机译：通过海冰的透光率受测量附近的表面覆盖和冰光学特性的影响。我们提出了海冰中光传播的三维蒙特卡洛模拟，以得出光的横向传播的上限。我们的结果为设备设计以及使用一维光传输模型描述透射率的可能性提供了指导。推导了光学均质平板的简单情况的规则。在没有吸收的情况下，在光学厚度均匀的冰下检测到的通量的10％和90％分别以小于冰厚度0.3倍和2.0倍的半径入射到表面上。光学厚度或冰吸收的任何增加都会减小这些半径。例如，冰的波长依赖性吸收导致700 nm处的冰减少20％。还发现平板的光学各向异性会引起透射光场的潜在显着空间变窄。在阳光直射的情况下，光子路径相对于探测器的位置朝着太阳移动。这种变形在光学厚度厚的积冰中可以达到1 m或更大，但在表面散射层或积雪下可以忽略不计。案例研究表明，半无限表面障碍物附近的散射光的透射率可以通过指数函数和误差函数来近似。在距离测量点1 m处放置的1 m厚的冰中，直径为0.05 m的吸收性圆柱摄动将吸收不到1％的光，否则该光会被探测器记录下来。透射光的许多结果与散射相位函数的平均余弦无关。

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  • 来源
    《Cold regions science and technology》 |2012年第4期|1-11|共11页
  • 作者

    Chris Petrich; Marcel Nicolaus; Rolf Gradinger;

  • 作者单位

    Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA,Northern Research Institute Narvik, Lodve Langesgate 2, 8514 Narvik, Norway;

    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bussestrasse 24,27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;

    School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 905 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Sea ice; Optics; Light; Transmission; Monte Carlo; Scattering;

    机译：海冰;光学;光;传播;蒙特卡洛;散射;

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