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Water and salt migration mechanisms of saturated chloride clay during freeze-thaw in an open system

机译：饱和氯化物粘土在开放系统中冻融盐的水和盐迁移机制

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Water and salt migration mechanisms are of great significance for understanding the frost heave and thaw settlement of saline soils during freeze-thaw (F-T). In this study, unidirectional open-system F-T tests were conducted on saturated clay specimens with various chloride salt contents to investigate water and salt migration mechanisms. Relevant parameters, including temperature, unfrozen water content, bulk electrical conductivity, matric suction, and water intake volume, were measured continuously during testing. Besides, the water molecule mobility was obtained by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry tests to help understand the water and salt migration mechanisms. The test results indicated that the freezing front development was highly dependent on salt content. The matric suction gradient was found to be the driving force of water-salt migration, which was larger in specimens with lower salt content and led to more water intake. The migration of water and salt was asynchronous due to their different driving mechanisms during F-T. Specifically, salt migration was affected by both convection and diffusion, while water migration was primarily driven by convection. This phenomenon was also confirmed by the different patterns in water and salt redistributions after F-T. Meanwhile, pore water in the frozen specimens with different salinity and the same unfrozen water content was found to have the same water molecule mobility. Both the matric suction and water molecule mobility were dependent on unfrozen water content but independent on salt content. However, the salt content has a significant effect on the soil freezing point depression, which further affects the matric suction and water molecule mobility.
机译：水和盐迁移机制对于了解冻融（F-T）的霜冻土壤霜冻和解冻沉淀具有重要意义。在该研究中，在具有各种氯化物盐含量的饱和粘土标本上进行单向开放系统F-T试验，以研究水和盐迁移机制。在测试期间，连续测量相关参数，包括温度，未冷冻水含量，散装电导率，散装电导率，散热体积和水进气量。此外，通过核磁共振诱导试验获得水分子迁移率，以帮助了解水和盐迁移机制。测试结果表明，冷冻前发育高度依赖于盐含量。发现原木吸入梯度是水盐迁移的驱动力，其在具有较低盐含量的标本中更大，并导致更多的水摄入量。由于其在F-T期间的不同驱动机构，水和盐的迁移是异步的。具体而言，对流和扩散的影响盐迁移，而水迁移主要由对流驱动。在F-T之后，还通过水和盐再分配的不同模式证实了这种现象。同时，发现具有不同盐度和相同的未冷冻水含量的冷冻标本中的孔水具有相同的水分子迁移率。测距和水分分子迁移率均取决于未冷却的含水含量，而是对盐含量无关。然而，盐含量对土壤冻结点抑郁有显着影响，这进一步影响了测力和水分子迁移率。

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