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Dyeing of pulque fiber with direct dyes and their fastness properties

机译：浆粕纤维直接染料的染色及其色牢度

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Optimum dyeing conditions depending on dye concentration, electrolyte (sodium chloride) concentration, dyeing time and dyeing temperature have been selected when pulque fiber is dyed with Direct dyes, such as Direct Red 81 and Congo Red. Dye absorption by pulque fiber decreases with the increase of dye concentration whereas it increases with the increase of electrolyte concentration, dyeing time and dyeing temperature. The effective dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, dyeing time and dyeing temperature for Direct Red 81 are 3.0%, 10.0%, 40～50 minutes and 80℃ and for Congo Red are 3.0%, 10.0%, 50-60 minutes and 80℃ respectively. It was found that the absorption of the dye by the raw fiber was higher than that of bleached fiber. The color of dyed fiber fades or changes on exposure to sunlight in air, on washing with soap solution, or to spotting with acids and alkalies. Among the dyes Direct Red 81 dyed fibers exhibit better color fastness when they are exposed to sunlight in air, washing with soap solution, acid and alkali spotting. The color fastness to spotting of undyed and dyed pulque fibers with tartaric acid are satisfactory in most of the cases for fiber dyed with Direct Red 81 but in case of sulfuric acid and acetic acid it gives unsatisfactory results but in case of fiber dyed with Congo Red the color fastness to spotting of dyed fiber with sulfuric acid, acetic acid and tartaric acid it gives unsatisfactory result by changing color. The color fastness to spotting of undyed and dyed pulque fibers with alkalies, such as, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide are satisfactory in most of the cases, but in some cases it gives unsatisfactory result by changing color.
机译：当用直接染料（例如直接红81和刚果红）对浆粕纤维进行染色时，已根据染料浓度，电解质（氯化钠）浓度，染色时间和染色温度选择了最佳染色条件。浆液纤维对染料的吸收随着染料浓度的增加而降低，而随着电解质浓度，染色时间和染色温度的增加而增加。直接红81的有效染料浓度，电解质浓度，染色时间和染色温度分别为3.0％，10.0％，40〜50分钟和80℃，刚果红的有效染料浓度为3.0％，10.0％，50-60分钟和80℃ 。已经发现，粗纤维对染料的吸收高于漂白纤维。染过的纤维的颜色在暴露于空气中的阳光下，用肥皂溶液洗涤或用酸和碱染色时会褪色或改变。在染料中，直接红81染色的纤维在空气中暴露于阳光下，用肥皂溶液洗涤，酸和碱斑点时，具有更好的色牢度。在大多数情况下，用酒石酸染色未染色和染色的短纤维的色牢度在用直接红81染色的纤维中是令人满意的，但是在使用硫酸和乙酸的情况下，其结果差强人意，但是在用刚果红染色的纤维中硫酸，乙酸和酒石酸对染色纤维染色的色牢度，改变颜色后效果不理想。在大多数情况下，用碳酸钠，氢氧化钠和氢氧化铵等碱对未染色和染色的短纤维的斑点的色牢度在大多数情况下是令人满意的，但在某些情况下，通过改变颜色不能令人满意。

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