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Experimental and numerical study of soot formation in counterflow diffusion flames of gasoline surrogate components

机译：汽油替代组分逆流扩散火焰中烟灰形成的实验和数值研究

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Soot formation is experimentally and numerically investigated in laminar counterflow diffusion flames burning ethylene and three typical gasoline surrogate components; n-heptane, iso-octane, and toluene. Laser-induced incandescence and a light extinction technique are employed to determine the soot volume fraction within the well-controlled region of the burner. The experiments are performed across a wide range of strain rates and stoichiometric mixture fractions. From the experimental data, sensitivities of soot formation on strain rate and stoichiometric mixture fraction are derived for each fuel. The fuels show significantly different sensitivities. For iso-octane and n-heptane, a higher sensitivity of soot production on the strain rate is observed as compared to ethylene and toluene. Moreover, the sensitivities of soot formation on the strain rate increase with increasing stoichiometric mixture fraction. One-dimensional simulations of the flames investigated experimentally were performed using two different detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms, detailed chemical soot models, and the hybrid method of moments as well as a discrete sectional method to describe soot dynamics. The models are capable of predicting the soot volume fraction of the ethylene flames with remarkable accuracy, whereas for the gasoline surrogate components, the overall soot volume fractions are overpredicted for all tested models. In iso-octane flames, soot nucleation and PAH condensation rates are particularly enhanced. A reaction pathway analysis shows that in ethylene flames, the formation of benzene mostly originates from acetylene, while for iso-octane, large amounts of iso-butenyl form propyne, propargyl, and then benzene. (C) 2019 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：在燃烧乙烯和三种典型汽油替代成分的层流逆流扩散火焰中，对碳黑的形成进行了实验和数值研究。正庚烷，异辛烷和甲苯。采用激光诱导的白炽灯和消光技术来确定燃烧器控制良好区域内的烟灰体积分数。实验是在很宽的应变速率和化学计量的混合分数范围内进行的。从实验数据中，得出每种燃料的烟灰形成对应变率和化学计量混合物分数的敏感性。燃料显示出明显不同的灵敏度。对于异辛烷和正庚烷，与乙烯和甲苯相比，观察到烟灰生成对应变速率的敏感性更高。此外，烟灰形成对应变率的敏感性随化学计量混合物分数的增加而增加。实验研究的火焰的一维模拟是使用两种不同的详细化学动力学机制，详细的化学烟尘模型，矩的混合方法以及描述烟灰动力学的离散截面方法进行的。该模型能够以极高的准确性预测乙烯火焰的烟灰体积分数，而对于汽油替代成分，所有测试模型的烟灰体积分数均被高估了。在异辛烷火焰中，烟灰成核和多环芳烃的凝结速率会特别提高。反应路径分析表明，在乙烯火焰中，苯的形成主要源自乙炔，而对于异辛烷，大量异丁烯形成丙炔，炔丙基，然后再形成苯。 （C）2019燃烧研究所。由Elsevier Inc.出版。保留所有权利。

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