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首页> 外文期刊>Combustion Science and Technology >From Cells to Residues: Flame-Retarded Rigid Polyurethane Foams
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From Cells to Residues: Flame-Retarded Rigid Polyurethane Foams

机译：从细胞到残留物：火焰延迟的刚性聚氨酯泡沫

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Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) exhibit short times to ignition as well as rapid flame spread and are therefore considered to be hazardous materials. This paper focuses on the fire phenomena of RPUFs, which were investigated through a multimethodological approach. Water-blown polyurethane (PUR) foams without flame retardants (FRs) as well as water-blown PUR foams containing triethyl phosphate as a gas phase-active FR were examined. The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the FR on the fire phenomena during combustion of the foams. Additionally, materials' densities were varied to range from 30 to 100 kg/m(3). Thermophysical properties were studied by means of thermogravimetry; fire behavior and flammability were investigated via cone calorimeter and limiting oxygen index, respectively. During the cone calorimeter test, the temperature development inside the burning specimens was monitored with thermocouples, and cross sections of quenched specimens were examined visually, giving insight into the morphological changes during combustion. The present paper delivers a comprehensive study, illuminating phenomena occurring during foam combustion and the influence of a FR active in the gas phase. The superior fire performance of flame-retarded PUR foams was found to be based on flame inhibition, and on increased char yield leading to a more effective protective layer. It was proven that in-depth absorption of radiation is a significant factor for estimation of time to ignition. Cross sections investigated with the electron scanning microscope exhibited a pyrolysis front with an intact foam structure underneath. The measurement of temperature development inside burning specimens implied a shift of burning behavior towards that of non-cellular materials with rising foam density.
机译：刚性聚氨酯泡沫（RPUF）表现出短时间点火以及快速火焰涂抹，因此被认为是有害物质。本文侧重于RPUF的消防现象，通过多水道博弈方法调查。检查了没有阻燃剂（FRS）的水吹塑的聚氨酯（PUR）泡沫以及含有磷酸三乙酯作为气相活性FR的水吹的PUR泡沫。本研究的目的是在泡沫燃烧过程中阐明FR对火现象的影响。另外，材料的密度变化为30至100kg / m（3）的范围。通过热重率研究热物理性质;通过锥形量热计和限制氧指数研究了防火行为和易燃性。在锥形量热仪测试期间，用热电偶监测燃烧标本内的温度显影，并在视觉上检查淬火标本的横截面，介绍燃烧过程中的形态变化。本文提供了综合研究，在泡沫燃烧期间发生的照明现象以及在气相中的FR活跃的FR的影响。发现火焰延迟的PUR泡沫的优异火灾性能是基于火焰抑制，并且增加了导致更有效的保护层的炭产率。据证明，深入的辐射吸收是估计点火时间的重要因素。用电子扫描显微镜研究的横截面表现出热解FERE，下面是完整的泡沫结构。燃烧标本内的温度显影的测量暗示朝向非细胞材料的燃烧行为的变化，泡沫密度上升。

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