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Fifty Years of MIMO Detection: The Road to Large-Scale MIMOs

机译：MIMO检测五十年：通往大规模MIMO的道路

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The emerging massive/large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (LS-MIMO) systems that rely on very large antenna arrays have become a hot topic of wireless communications. Compared to multi-antenna aided systems being built at the time of this writing, such as the long-term evolution (LTE) based fourth generation (4G) mobile communication system which allows for up to eight antenna elements at the base station (BS), the LS-MIMO system entails an unprecedented number of antennas, say 100 or more, at the BS. The huge leap in the number of BS antennas opens the door to a new research field in communication theory, propagation and electronics, where random matrix theory begins to play a dominant role. Interestingly, LS-MIMOs also constitute a perfect example of one of the key philosophical principles of the Hegelian Dialectics, namely, that “quantitative change leads to qualitative change.” In this treatise, we provide a recital on the historic heritages and novel challenges facing LS-MIMOs from a detection perspective. First, we highlight the fundamentals of MIMO detection, including the nature of co-channel interference (CCI), the generality of the MIMO detection problem, the received signal models of both linear memoryless MIMO channels and dispersive MIMO channels exhibiting memory, as well as the complex-valued versus real-valued MIMO system models. Then, an extensive review of the representative MIMO detection methods conceived during the past 50 years (1965–2015) is presented, and relevant insights as well as lessons are inferred for the sake of designing complexity-scalable MIMO detection algorithms that are potentially applicable to LS-MIMO systems. Furthermore, we divide the LS-MIMO systems into two types, and elaborate on the distinct detection strategies suitable for each of them. The type-I LS-MIMO corresponds to the case where the number of active users is much smaller than the number of BS antennas, which is currently the mainstream- definition of LS-MIMO. The type-II LS-MIMO corresponds to the case where the number of active users is comparable to the number of BS antennas. Finally, we discuss the applicability of existing MIMO detection algorithms in LS-MIMO systems, and review some of the recent advances in LS-MIMO detection.
机译：依赖于非常大的天线阵列的新兴大规模/大规模多输入多输出（LS-MIMO）系统已成为无线通信的热门话题。与撰写本文时正在构建的多天线辅助系统相比，例如基于长期演进（LTE）的第四代（4G）移动通信系统，该系统允许在基站（BS）上最多容纳八个天线单元因此，LS-MIMO系统在BS处需要空前数量的天线，例如100根或更多。 BS天线数量的巨大飞跃为通信理论，传播和电子学的新研究领域打开了大门，其中随机矩阵理论开始发挥主导作用。有趣的是，LS-MIMO还构成了黑格尔辩证法的一项重要哲学原理的完美示例，即“数量变化导致质变”。在本论文中，我们从检测的角度对LS-MIMO面临的历史遗产和新挑战进行了介绍。首先，我们重点介绍了MIMO检测的基础知识，包括同信道干扰（CCI）的性质，MIMO检测问题的普遍性，线性无内存MIMO信道和展现内存的色散MIMO信道的接收信号模型，以及复值与实值MIMO系统模型。然后，对过去50年（1965年至2015年）设想的代表性MIMO检测方法进行了全面回顾，并推断了相关见解和经验教训，以设计可应用于以下方面的复杂度可扩展的MIMO检测算法： LS-MIMO系统。此外，我们将LS-MIMO系统分为两种类型，并详细介绍了适用于每种系统的不同检测策略。 I型LS-MIMO对应于活跃用户的数量远小于BS天线的数量的情况，这是当前LS-MIMO的主流定义。 II型LS-MIMO对应于活跃用户的数量与BS天线的数量相当的情况。最后，我们讨论了现有MIMO检测算法在LS-MIMO系统中的适用性，并回顾了LS-MIMO检测中的一些最新进展。

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