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Shock loading of three-dimensional woven composite materials

机译：三维编织复合材料的冲击载荷

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摘要

The effect of shock loading on three-dimensional (3-D) woven composite materials has been experimentally studied. The preform materials used in this work, known under trademark 3Weave™, were manufactured by 3TEX using S-2 glass fiber roving. Four different preforms, having areal weights 93, 98, 100, and 190 oz/yd~2, were used in fabrication of single-layer and two-layer composites. The respective composites were made using VARTM process with Dow Derakane epoxy/vinyl ester resin. A shock tube was used to create the shock loading for the study and was chosen for its ability to provide highly consistent and repeatable levels of shock loading. The material''s resistance to shock loading was evaluated using such parameters as surface and internal visual damage, the magnitude of permanent (i.e., after-shock, residual) deflection, and post-mortem compressive strength. The observed visual damage consisted of surface discolor-ations at low shock load levels and progressed to surface fiber breakage accompanied by internal delaminations and breakage of the through thickness (Z-directional) fibers at higher shock load levels. The onset of permanent deflection in the form of bulging was observed in the panels tested at pressures of 5.65 MPa and higher with maximum values of 8-9 mm found in the 93 and 100 oz/yd~2 preform composites tested at a pressure of 8.1 MPa. The compressive strength of the materials was also found to decrease in both the warp and weft fiber directions with increasing test pressures. Over the range of shock pressures applied in this series of tests, the 98 oz/yd~2 preform composite was found to perform best in terms of a smaller amount of visual damage, lower permanent deflection, and higher post-mortem compressive strength.
机译：实验研究了冲击载荷对三维（3-D）机织复合材料的影响。 3TEX使用S-2玻璃纤维粗纱通过3TEX制造了用于这项工作的预成型材料（商标为3Weave™）。具有单层重量93、98、100和190 oz / yd〜2的四种不同的预成型件被用于制造单层和两层复合材料。各自的复合材料是使用VARTM工艺与陶氏Derakane环氧/乙烯基酯树脂制成的。使用冲击管为研究创建冲击载荷，并选择其来提供高度一致且可重复的冲击载荷水平。使用诸如表面和内部视觉损伤，永久（即，余震，残余）挠度的大小以及事后压缩强度等参数来评估材料的抗冲击载荷性能。观察到的视觉损伤包括在低冲击负荷水平下的表面变色，并发展为表面纤维断裂，并伴随内部分层和在较高冲击负荷水平下穿透厚度（Z方向）的纤维断裂。在压力为5.65 MPa或更高的情况下，在测试的面板中观察到以胀大形式出现的永久挠曲的开始，在压力为8.1的93和100 oz / yd〜2预成型复合材料中发现最大值为8-9 mm MPa。还发现，随着测试压力的增加，材料的抗压强度在经向和纬向均降低。在该系列测试中施加的冲击压力范围内，发现98 oz / yd〜2的预成型复合材料表现出最佳的视觉损伤量，较低的永久挠度和较高的事后压缩强度。

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