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Effect of washer size and tightening torque on the performance of bolted joints in composite structures

机译：垫圈尺寸和拧紧扭矩对复合结构螺栓连接性能的影响

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摘要

The weight and fuel savings offered by composite materials make them attractive not only to the military, but also to the civilian aircraft, space, and automobile industries. In these industries, bolting and riveting are extensively used as a primary method of forming structural joints. Therefore, the main objective of the present paper is to investigate the influence of certain factors on the strength of bolted joints in [0/±45/90]_s glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites. These factors include the tightening torque (T = 0, 5, 10 and 15 Nm) and the washer outer diameter size (D_(wo) = 14, 18, 22 and 27 mm). The mechanical properties (tensile, com-pressive, and in-plane shear) of GFRE laminates have been determined experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results show that under the same tightening torque, the slope of load-displacement diagrams of bolted joints (stiffness) increases with decreasing washer size. Bolted joint with 18 mm washer size and 15 Nm tightening torque has the maximum strength. In the range of the investigated tightening torques, the bearing strength of bolted joint with 18 mm washer size increases with increasing tightening torque. The load-displacement curve of bolted joint specimen with finger tight, T = 0 Nm, has the lowest slope/stiffness with several knees, which may indicate an unstable development of internal damage. Most of the test specimens failed in the following sequence: (a) delamination between the 0°, ±45°, and 90° layers due to their different strains under the compressive bearing load, (b) net tension failure mode for 90° layers, (c) shear-out failure modes for 0 ° layers, and (d) the final failure was nearly catastrophic due to the bearing failure of ±45° layers.
机译：复合材料提供的重量和燃料节省使其不仅对军事领域具有吸引力，而且对民用飞机，航天和汽车工业也具有吸引力。在这些行业中，螺栓连接和铆接被广泛用作形成结构接头的主要方法。因此，本文的主要目的是研究某些因素对[0 /±45/90] _s玻璃纤维增​​强环氧树脂（GFRE）复合材料中螺栓连接强度的影响。这些因素包括拧紧扭矩（T = 0、5、10和15 Nm）和垫圈外径尺寸（D_（wo）= 14、18、22和27 mm）。 GFRE层压板的机械性能（拉伸，压缩和面内剪切）已通过实验和理论确定。实验结果表明，在相同的拧紧扭矩下，螺栓连接的载荷-位移图的斜率（刚度）随垫圈尺寸的减小而增大。具有18 mm垫圈尺寸和15 Nm拧紧扭矩的螺栓连接具有最大的强度。在所研究的拧紧扭矩范围内，垫圈尺寸为18 mm的螺栓连接的轴承强度随拧紧扭矩的增加而增加。用手指拧紧的螺栓连接试样的载荷-位移曲线T = 0 Nm，具有多个膝盖的最低斜率/刚度，这可能表明内部损伤的发展不稳定。大多数测试样品按以下顺序破坏：（a）由于在压缩轴承载荷下它们的应变不同，因此在0°，±45°和90°层之间分层，（b）90°层的净拉力破坏模式，（c）0°层的剪切破坏模式，以及（d）由于±45°层的轴承破坏，最终破坏几乎是灾难性的。

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