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Quasi-static and dynamic fracture behavior of particulate polymer composites: A study of nano- vs. micro-size filler and loading-rate effects

机译：颗粒状聚合物复合材料的准静态和动态断裂行为：纳米级与微米级填料和加载速率效应的研究

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The role of nano- vs. micro-filler particle size-scale on static and dynamic fracture behaviors of silica-filled epoxy is examined. Particulate composites of epoxy matrix are studied under quasi-static and stress-wave loading conditions. Mode-I crack initiation and crack growth behaviors are examined using 2D digital image correlation method and high-speed photography in symmetrically impacted specimens. The measured displacement fields are analyzed using 2D crack-tip fields for dynamically propagating cracks in brittle solids to extract stress intensity factor (K_l~d) histories, and crack velocity histories (V). K_l~d-V plots for each type of composite are also presented. The quasi-static fracture tests show fracture toughness enhancement in case of nanocomposites relative to micro-particle filled ones. On the other hand, the dynamic crack-initiation toughness is consistently higher for micro-particle filled composites relative to the nano-filler counterparts. These counterintuitive results are supported by crack velocity histories in nanocomposites being significantly higher than that observed in micro-filler cases. The characteristic K_l~d-V profiles suggest higher terminal velocities and lower dynamic fracture toughness for nanocomposites. Also, the post-mortem analyses of fracture surfaces reveal greater surface ruggedness for nanocomposites under quasi-static conditions. However, the opposite is evident under dynamic loading conditions. The qualitative and quantitative fractographic measurements correlate well with the measured fracture parameters for both quasi-static and dynamic fracture tests.
机译：考察了纳米级和微级填料粒径尺度对填充二氧化硅的环氧树脂的静态和动态断裂行为的影响。在准静态和应力波载荷条件下研究了环氧基体的颗粒复合材料。使用2D数字图像相关方法和对称冲击试样中的高速摄影技术检查了I型裂纹的萌生和裂纹扩展行为。使用二维裂纹尖端场分析测得的位移场，以在脆性固体中动态扩展裂纹，以提取应力强度因子历史（K_1〜d）和裂纹速度历史（V）。还给出了每种复合材料的K_1〜d-V图。准静态断裂试验表明，相对于填充有微粒的纳米复合材料，纳米复合材料具有更高的断裂韧性。另一方面，微粒填充复合材料的动态裂纹萌生韧性始终高于纳米填充材料。这些与直觉相反的结果得到了纳米复合材料中裂纹速度历史的显着支持，而裂纹速度历史显着高于微填料情况下的裂纹速度历史。特征的K_1〜d-V曲线表明纳米复合材料具有更高的终端速度和更低的动态断裂韧性。同样，对断裂表面的事后分析显示，在准静态条件下，纳米复合材料具有更高的表面粗糙度。但是，在动态载荷条件下，情况正好相反。定性和定量的形貌测量结果与准静态和动态断裂测试的断裂参数均具有良好的相关性。

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