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Solar-powered, wireless smart camera network: An IoT solution for outdoor video monitoring

机译：太阳能无线智能摄像机网络：用于室外视频监控的物联网解决方案

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In this paper, we present SlugCam, a solar-powered, wireless smart camera network that can be used in a variety of outdoor applications including video surveillance of public spaces, habitat and environmental monitoring, wildfire prevention and detection, to name a few. SlugCam was designed such that it can be deployed and left unattended for extended periods without requiring regular maintenance, e.g., frequent battery replacement. The system is built with off-the-shelf components which not only keeps it modular and low cost, but also facilitates its prototyping, rapid duplication, and evolution. SlugCam's on-board processing capability allows computer vision software to run locally and autonomously. Energy efficiency in SlugCam is accomplished both in: (1) hardware by micro-managing low-power components; as well as in (2) software by having the system's operation duty cycles automatically adapt to the current state of the battery in order to balance the trade-off between application-level requirements and power awareness. For example, SlugCam's smart camera node changes its monitoring behavior based on how much battery charge remains. Additionally, using its computer vision software, the system only records and transmits information upon event detection which contributes both to the system's energy efficiency as well as its low network bandwidth requirements. SlugCam's networking functionality enables camera nodes to transfer video files, as well as collaborate on tasks such as visual processing, event detection, and object tracking. It allows node-to-node, as well as scoped- or full broadcast communication. For point-to-point communication, SlugCam uses on-demand power-aware multi-path routing to transfer video files efficiently. Another important contribution of SlugCam is to provide an open-source wireless camera network that can adapt to address the requirements of future outdoor video monitoring applications. SlugCam also includes a Web-based server where video data is stored as well as a Web-based user interface that allows end users to interact with the system, tag, query and retrieve video files, and manage SlugCam nodes remotely. In addition to a detailed description of SlugCam, this paper presents an extensive power characterization of the system's operation and showcases its deployment in a lab testbed and a real world scenario.
机译：在本文中，我们介绍了SlugCam，这是一个由太阳能供电的无线智能摄像机网络，可用于多种户外应用，包括公共场所的视频监视，栖息地和环境监视，野火预防和检测等。 SlugCam的设计使其可以在不需要定期维护（例如频繁更换电池）的情况下长时间部署和无人看管。该系统由现成的组件构建而成，不仅使它保持模块化和低成本，而且还简化了原型制作，快速复制和演进。 SlugCam的机载处理能力允许计算机视觉软件在本地和自主运行。 SlugCam的能源效率可通过以下两种方式实现：（1）通过微管理低功耗组件实现硬件；以及（2）中的软件，通过使系统的工作占空比自动适应电池的当前状态，从而平衡应用程序级别要求和功耗意识之间的权衡。例如，SlugCam的智能相机节点会根据剩余电量来更改其监视行为。此外，使用其计算机视觉软件，该系统仅在事件检测时记录并传输信息，这有助于提高系统的能效以及降低网络带宽。 SlugCam的网络功能使相机节点可以传输视频文件，以及在视觉处理，事件检测和对象跟踪等任务上进行协作。它允许节点到节点以及范围或全广播通信。对于点对点通信，SlugCam使用按需电源感知的多路径路由来有效地传输视频文件。 SlugCam的另一个重要贡献是提供了一个开放源代码的无线摄像头网络，该网络可以适应未来户外视频监控应用的需求。 SlugCam还包括一个用于存储视频数据的基于Web的服务器，以及一个基于Web的用户界面，该界面允许最终用户与系统进行交互，标记，查询和检索视频文件以及远程管理SlugCam节点。除了对SlugCam的详细描述之外，本文还介绍了系统运行的广泛功率特性，并展示了其在实验室测试平台和实际场景中的部署。

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