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Brain tissue analysis of impacts to American football helmets

机译：脑组织分析对美式橄榄球头盔的影响

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Concussion in American football is a prevalent concern. Research has been conducted examining frequencies, location, and thresholds for concussion from impacts. Little work has been done examining how impact location may affect risk of concussive injury. The purpose of this research was to examine how impact site on the helmet and type of impact, affects the risk of concussive injury as quantified using finite element modelling of the human head and brain. A linear impactor was used to impact a helmeted Hybrid III headform in several locations and using centric and non-centric impact vectors. The resulting dynamic response was used as input for the Wayne State Brain Injury Model to determine the risk of concussive injury by utilizing maximum principal strain as the predictive variable. The results demonstrated that impacts that occur primarily to the side of the head resulted in higher magnitudes of strain in the grey and white matter, as well as the brain stem. Finally, commonly worn American football helmets were used in this research and significant risk of injury was incurred for all impacts. These results suggest that improvements in American football helmets are warranted, in particular for impacts to the side of the helmet.
机译：在美式足球中脑震荡是一个普遍的问题。已经进行了研究，以检查撞击造成的震荡的频率，位置和阈值。研究撞击位置如何影响脑震荡危险的工作还很少。这项研究的目的是检查头盔上的撞击部位和撞击类型如何影响脑震荡的风险，如使用人头和大脑的有限元建模所量化的那样。使用线性冲击器在多个位置并使用中心和非中心冲击矢量来冲击头盔式Hybrid III头盔。所产生的动态响应被用作韦恩州脑损伤模型的输入，通过利用最大主应变作为预测变量来确定脑震荡的风险。结果表明，主要发生在头部侧面的冲击导致灰色和白色物质以及脑干的紧张程度更高。最后，在这项研究中使用了常见的美式橄榄球头盔，并且所有撞击均会造成重大伤害。这些结果表明，必须对美式橄榄球头盔进行改进，特别是对于头盔侧面的撞击。

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