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Energy-sustainable relay node deployment in wireless sensor networks

机译：无线传感器网络中能量可持续的中继节点部署

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Emergence of diverse renewable energy harvesting technologies and their incorporation into tiny sensor devices have given birth to Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs), where the problem domain has shifted from energy conservation to energy sustainability of the network. Renewable energy harvesting and depletion of sensor devices are stochastic and thus, energy availability in the devices is sporadic rather than continuous. Therefore, the optimal deployment of data routing devices (i.e., relay nodes) and their activity scheduling to ensure that, the data from all source sensors could be routed to the sink while keeping the network functional perpetually, is a challenging research problem. In this paper, we develop a multi-constraint mixed integer linear program (MILP) to minimize the number of relay nodes to be deployed in the network, while considering connectivity, sustainability and unpredictable energy harvesting and depletion rates. We refer to this problem as SMRMC (sustainable minimum-relay maximum-connectivity deployment) which is proved to be NP-hard. A light weight k-connected greedy solution to the SMRMC problem has been developed first for k = 1, and thereafter, a generalized solution has been presented for any k (k >= 2) by constructing convex-polytopes among the existing relay nodes. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to validate the performance of the proposed deployment strategies. Performance studies carried out in MATLAB, show that the proposed SMRMC algorithms can achieve up to twice the network lifetime compared to state-of-the-art approaches whilst deploying minimum number of relay nodes. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：各种各样的可再生能源收集技术的出现以及将其合并到微型传感器设备中催生了能量收集无线传感器网络（EH-WSN），其中问题领域已从能源节约转向网络的能源可持续性。传感器设备的可再生能量收集和消耗是随机的，因此，设备中的能量可用性是零散的而不是连续的。因此，数据路由设备（即中继节点）的最佳部署及其活动调度以确保来自所有源传感器的数据可以路由到接收器，同时使网络永久保持功能是一个具有挑战性的研究问题。在本文中，我们开发了一种多约束混合整数线性程序（MILP），以最大程度地减少要在网络中部署的中继节点的数量，同时考虑连接性，可持续性以及不可预测的能量收集和消耗率。我们将此问题称为SMRMC（可持续的最小中继最大连接部署），事实证明这是NP困难的。首先针对k = 1开发了针对SMRMC问题的轻量级k连通贪婪解，其后，通过在现有中继节点之间构造凸多面体，针对任何k（k> = 2）提出了一种广义解。已经进行了广泛的仿真实验，以验证所提出的部署策略的性能。在MATLAB中进行的性能研究表明，与现有技术相比，所提出的SMRMC算法可以实现两倍于网络寿命，同时可以部署最少数量的中继节点。官方版权（C）2016，由Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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