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Underwater cooperative MIMO communications using hybrid acoustic and magnetic induction technique

机译：利用混合声学和磁感应技术的水下协作MIMO通信

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摘要

Future smart ocean applications require reliable communication networks connecting underwater sensors/robots and remote base stations, which is challenging to achieve due to the harsh and dynamic underwater channels. While Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) acoustic technique can address this problem, it is difficult to place multiple transducers on a single device due to the large wavelength. Although the cooperative MIMO technique could solve this issue, it was impossible to synchronize the distributed transmitters due to the extremely large and dynamic propagation delay of acoustic waves. In this paper, we propose an underwater cooperative MIMO communication mechanism, which is based on a hybrid acoustic and Magnetic Induction (MI) technique. The inter-node synchronization problem can be solved by using the MI technique so that the distributed transducers can cooperatively form narrow beams for long distance communications. The synchronization time and errors are significantly reduced since MI has negligible propagation delays. To quantitatively analyze the improvement, the closed-form of the synchronization error, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), effective communication time, and throughput of the proposed system are rigorously derived. The proposed system is implemented in a software-defined testbed under the beamforming and space-time coding scheme. Through both numerical and experimental analysis, our hybrid cooperative MIMO mechanism can achieve much lower bit error rate and synchronization error than the conventional acoustic MIMO systems.
机译：未来的智能海洋应用需要可靠的通信网络连接水下传感器/机器人和偏远基站，这是由于苛刻和动态的水下通道而实现的挑战。虽然多输入和多输出（MIMO）声学技术可以解决这个问题，但难以导致由于波长为大的单个设备上的多个换能器。虽然合作MIMO技术可以解决这个问题，但由于声波的极大动态传播延迟，不可能同步分布式发射器。在本文中，我们提出了一种水下协作MIMO通信机制，其基于混合声学和磁感应（MI）技术。通过使用MI技术可以解决节点间同步问题，使得分布式换能器可以协同地形成用于长距离通信的窄光束。由于MI具有可忽略的传播延迟，因此同步时间和错误显着降低。为了定量分析改进，严格导出同步误差，信噪比（SNR），有效通信时间和吞吐量的闭合形式。所提出的系统在波束成形和时空编码方案下的软件定义的测试平面中实现。通过数值和实验分析，我们的混合协作MIMO机构可以实现比传统的声学MIMO系统更低的误码率和同步误差。

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