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The shift from processor power consumption to performance variations: fundamental implications at scale

机译：从处理器功耗到性能变化的转变：大规模的根本意义

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摘要

The Intel Haswell-EP processor generation introduces several major advancements of power control and energy-efficiency features. For computationally intense applications using advanced vector extension instructions, the processor cannot continuously operate at full speed but instead reduces its frequency below the nominal frequency to maintain operations within thermal design power (TDP) limitations. Moreover, the running average power limitation (RAPL) mechanism to enforce the TDP limitation has changed from a modeling to a measurement approach. The combination of these two novelties have significant implications. Through measurements on an Intel Sandy Bridge-EP cluster, we show that previous generations have sustained homogeneous performance across multiple CPUs and compensated for hardware manufacturing variability through varying power consumption. In contrast, our measurements on a Petaflop Haswell system show that this generation exhibits rather homogeneous power consumption limited by the TDP and capped by the improved RAPL while providing inhomogeneous performance under full load. Since all of these controls are transparent to the user, this behavior is likely to complicate performance analysis tasks and impact tightly coupled parallel applications.
机译：英特尔Haswell-EP处理器一代引入了电源控制和节能功能的多项重大改进。对于使用高级矢量扩展指令的计算密集型应用，处理器无法连续全速运行，而是将其频率降低到标称频率以下，以将运行维持在热设计功率（TDP）限制内。此外，实施TDP限制的运行平均功率限制（RAPL）机制已从建模方法变为测量方法。这两个新颖性的结合具有重要意义。通过对Intel Sandy Bridge-EP群集的测量，我们表明前几代产品在多个CPU上均保持了均一的性能，并通过改变功耗来补偿硬件制造的可变性。相比之下，我们在Petaflop Haswell系统上的测量表明，这一代产品在TDP的限制下并由改进的RAPL限制了相当均匀的功耗，同时在满负载下提供了不均匀的性能。由于所有这些控件对用户都是透明的，因此此行为可能会使性能分析任务复杂化，并影响紧密耦合的并行应用程序。

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  • 来源
    《Computer science》 |2016年第4期|197-205|共9页
  • 作者

    Joseph Schuchart; Daniel Hackenberg; Robert Schoene; Thomas Ilsche; Ramkumar Nagappan; Michael K. Patterson;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH), Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;

    Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH), Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;

    Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH), Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;

    Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH), Technische Universitaet Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;

    Intel Corporation, 2111 NE 25th Avenue, 97124 Hillsboro, OR, USA;

    Intel Corporation, 2111 NE 25th Avenue, 97124 Hillsboro, OR, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Performance variations; LINPACK; CPU frequency; Haswell-EP; Power consumption;

    机译：性能差异;LINPACK;CPU频率;Haswell-EP;能量消耗;

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