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Integrated redistricting, location-allocation and service sharing with intra-district service transfer to reduce demand overload and its disparity

机译：集成的重新分区，位置分配和服务共享以及分区内服务转移，以减少需求过载及其差异

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摘要

Service demand overload has been one of the main concerns in district-based service planning, because it strongly affects service quality. Moreover, the overload problem usually involves overload disparity among districts. The disparity often results from outdated district boundaries not reflecting up-to-date spatial demand distributions. A lack of systematic methodologies, however, has hindered solving such overload and disparity problems despite the increasing availability of information on spatial service demand and supply. This paper presents a novel mathematical programming model to address the service demand overload problem by reorganizing services in multiple spatial scales. The mathematical program optimizes simultaneously (1) redistricting service areas, (2) allocating multiple service resources into service-providing units in each district, and (3) sharing services between service-providing units within a district. Information on geographically distributed units is used as the spatial data of the model. This new model integrates districting and location-allocation problems as a combined problem. A heuristic solution approach is also presented to solve large problem instances. As a case study, a judicial service overload problem is examined for a state court system in the United States. This new integrated approach enables efficient utilization of the geographically distributed service capacity. In addition, these new features of the model allow for better utilization of spatial information for practical service planning. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：服务需求过载已成为基于区域的服务规划中的主要问题之一，因为它会严重影响服务质量。此外，过载问题通常涉及各地区之间的过载差异。差距通常是由于过时的地区边界而无法反映最新的空间需求分布。尽管缺乏有关空间服务需求和供应的信息，但缺乏系统的方法仍阻碍解决此类超载和差异问题。本文提出了一种新颖的数学编程模型，通过在多个空间尺度上重组服务来解决服务需求超载问题。该数学程序同时优化（1）重新划分服务区域，（2）将多个服务资源分配到每个区中的服务提供单元中，以及（3）在一个区中的服务提供单元之间共享服务。有关地理分布单位的信息用作模型的空间数据。这种新模型将分区和位置分配问题合并为一个综合问题。还提出了一种启发式解决方案来解决大型问题实例。作为案例研究，研究了美国州法院系统的司法服务超负荷问题。这种新的集成方法可以有效利用地理分布的服务容量。另外，模型的这些新功能允许更好地利用空间信息进行实际服务规划。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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