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An analysis of landscape penetration by road infrastructure and traffic noise

机译：道路基础设施和交通噪声对景观的渗透分析

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The rapidly expanding road infrastructure and vehicular traffic worldwide has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the global biodiversity crisis. An important question for mitigating this effect concerns the quantification of the rate and extent of road-induced penetration of the landscape. However, such an assessment has been largely lacking, especially at the landscape level. The article introduces a GIS-based metric to measure the amount of space un-penetrated by roads and vehicular traffic at the landscape level: Effective Roadless Volume (ERV). ERV is based on measuring the shortest distance between any location and the nearest road and on quantifying the propagation of traffic noise over the landscape. ERV is illustrated by analyzing the rate and extent of human penetration on the landscape in Dakota County, one of the seven counties that make up the greater Twin Cities Metropolitan Region of Minnesota. The results indicate that by as early as 1937 the county had already consumed as much as 65% of its roadless space. Between 1937 and 2007, roadless space declined further by approximately 39% and 26% with and without traffic noise, respectively. The reduction in roadless space showed strong regional differences, with the highest reduction occurring in places where the rate of urban growth and vehicular traffic noise was the highest. The sensitivity of the approach to the size, shape, and spatial configuration of roads as well as to traffic noise suggests that the approach can serve as an important planning tool for reconciling conservation and development in a wide range of contexts.
机译：全球范围内迅速扩展的道路基础设施和车辆交通已被公认为是全球生物多样性危机的主要因素。减轻这种影响的一个重要问题涉及道路诱导的景观渗透率和程度的量化。但是，尤其是在景观层面上，这种评估一直很缺乏。本文介绍了一种基于GIS的度量标准，用于测量景观级别的道路和车辆交通未穿透的空间量：有效无路通车量（ERV）。 ERV基于测量任何位置和最近道路之间的最短距离并量化交通噪声在景观上的传播。通过分析达科他县（该县是组成明尼苏达州较大的双子城市都会区的七个县之一）在景观上的渗透率和程度来说明ERV。结果表明，早在1937年，该县就已经消耗了其无路面积的65％。在1937年至2007年之间，无路况空间分别在有和无交通噪音的情况下分别下降了39％和26％。无道路空间的减少显示出强烈的地区差异，其中以城市增长速度和车辆交通噪声最高的地方减少最多。该方法对道路的大小，形状和空间配置以及交通噪声的敏感性表明，该方法可以作为重要的规划工具，在广泛的环境中协调保护与发展。

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