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Which city is the greenest? A multi-dimensional deconstruction of city rankings

机译：哪个城市是最温馨的？ 城市排名的多维解构

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摘要

The question "which city is the greenest" sounds trivial, but in reality, this question contains statistical ambiguities. In this study, we approach this issue by ranking cities by green space shares. However, we do not base our ranking only on one green parameter and the commonly used administrative boundaries. Instead, we broaden access to rankings through several approaches: First, we calculate two parameters, i.e. green space shares and green space per capita. Second, we apply these parameters for two cases: for all green areas as well as for green areas with a minimum size of one hectare. The latter are considered to have an impact on near-home recreation and the local climate. Third, we relate these parameters on the one hand to administrative spatial units constituting the entity 'city', but juxtapose these on the other hand with two alternative spatial reference units: a morphological spatial unit that closely encompasses the built-up pattern of the city, and a standardized buffer unit around the city centers. The variability of these manifold rankings obtained by this study makes clear: the rank of one city in a relational system to other cities depends strongly on these parameters and spatial units applied. In our experiments we rank and compare the 80 major cities in Germany. The diversity of results allows to discuss the susceptibility of spatial statistics to ambiguities that may arise from the use of different concepts. By integrating these multidimensional concepts into one final ranking, we propose a strategy for a more holistic and robust approach while revealing uncertainties.
机译：问题“哪个城市是最逼真的”声音微不足道，但实际上，这个问题包含统计歧义。在这项研究中，我们通过绿地空间股票排名城市来解决这个问题。但是，我们不仅仅在一个绿色参数和常用的行政边界的排名。相反，我们通过几种方法扩大对排名的访问：首先，我们计算两个参数，即人均绿色空间股和绿地。其次，我们为两个案例应用了这些参数：适用于所有绿色区域以及最小尺寸的绿色区域。后者被认为对近家庭娱乐和当地气候产生影响。第三，我们一方面将这些参数与构成实体“城市”的行政空间单元联系起来，但另一方面与两只替代的空间参考单位对其进行并置：一个密切涵盖城市的内置模式的形态空间单元和城市中心周围的标准化缓冲区。本研究获得的这些歧管排名的可变性明确：一个城市在其他城市的关系系统中的一个城市的等级在这些参数和空间单位上依赖于应用。在我们的实验中，我们在德国排名并比较了80个主要城市。结果的多样性允许讨论空间统计数据的易感性，这些差异可能因使用不同概念而产生的含糊不清。通过将这些多维概念整合到一个最终排名中，我们提出了一种更全面和强大的方法的策略，同时揭示了不确定性。

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