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Phase Composition Maps integrate mineral compositions with rock textures from the micro-meter to the thin section scale

机译：相组成图将矿物组成与从微米到薄尺度的岩石质地融为一体

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摘要

Textures and compositions are critical information for interpreting rock formation. Existing methods to integrate both types of information favor high-resolution images of mineral compositions over small areas or low-resolution images of larger areas for phase identification. The method in this paper produces images of individual phases in which textural and compositional details are resolved over three orders of magnitude, from tens of micrometers to tens of millimeters. To construct these images, called Phase Composition Maps (PCMs), we make use of the resolution in backscattered electron (BSE) images and calibrate the gray scale values with mineral analyses by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The resulting images show the area of a standard thin section (roughly 40 mm x 20 mm) with spatial resolution as good as 3.5 pm/pixel, or more than 81 000 pixels/mm(2), comparable to the resolution of X-ray element maps produced by wavelength-dispersive spectrometry (WDS). Procedures to create PCMs for mafic igneous rocks with multivariate linear regression models for minerals with solid solution (olivine, plagioclase feldspar, and pyroxenes) are presented and are applicable to other rock types. PCMs are processed using threshold functions based on the regression models to image specific composition ranges of minerals. PCMs are constructed using widely-available instrumentation: a scanning-electron microscope (SEM) with BSE and EDS X-ray detectors and standard image processing software such as ImageJ and Adobe Photoshop. Three brief applications illustrate the use of PCMs as petrologic tools: to reveal mineral composition patterns at multiple scales; to generate crystal size distributions for intracrystalline compositional zones and compare growth over time; and to image spatial distributions of minerals at different stages of magma crystallization by integrating textures and compositions with thermodynamic modeling.
机译：纹理和组成是解释岩层的关键信息。整合这两种信息的现有方法有利于在小区域内显示矿物成分的高分辨率图像，或在较大区域中识别相的低分辨率图像。本文中的方法产生了各个相的图像，其中从数十微米到数十毫米的三个数量级解析出纹理和成分的细节。为了构造这些称为相组成图（PCM）的图像，我们利用了背向散射电子（BSE）图像中的分辨率，并通过能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDS）进行了矿物分析，以校准灰度值。生成的图像显示了标准薄片的区域（大约40 mm x 20 mm），其空间分辨率高达3.5 pm /像素，或超过81 000像素/ mm（2），与X射线的分辨率相当波长色散光谱（WDS）生成的元素图。提出了使用镁铁矿质火成岩具有固态固溶矿物（橄榄石，斜长石和辉石）的多元线性回归模型创建PCM的程序，这些程序适用于其他类型的岩石。使用基于回归模型的阈值函数处理PCM，以对矿物的特定成分范围进行成像。 PCM使用广泛使用的仪器构造：带有BSE和EDS X射线检测器的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及标准图像处理软件，例如ImageJ和Adobe Photoshop。三个简短的应用说明了PCM作为岩石学工具的用途：揭示多种尺度的矿物成分模式；生成晶体内组成区域的晶体尺寸分布，并比较随时间的增长；并通过将纹理和成分与热力学建模相结合来成像岩浆结晶不同阶段的矿物的空间分布。

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