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Economic, environmental and social optimization of solid waste management in the context of circular economy

机译：循环经济背景下固体废物管理的经济，环境和社会优化

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摘要

Rapid growth in population and urbanization is increasing the generation of solid waste as well as demand for natural resources. Moreover, increasing demand and fixed available quantity of natural resources are making the problem more complex and challenging. It has been identified that; the concept of the circular economy can provide the solution to the problem. This study examines the economic, environmental, and social feasibility of circular economy in municipal solid waste (MSW) management. This study proposes a concept for the utilization of collected organic MSW by converting it into biogas and then use it as a fuel in a thermal power plant (TPP) to reduce the burden on coal mines. A mixed-integer non-linear programme (MINLP) model is formulated for the minimization of the total cost which is the sum up of (ⅰ) functioning cost, (ⅱ) transportation cost, (ⅲ) hiring cost, (ⅳ) environmental cost, (ⅴ) social cost, and (ⅵ) penalty cost. The proposed system is validated by a case study on a city Bilaspur, India. Developed model is evaluated for two scenarios: (ⅰ) present scenario, in which desegregated MSW is collected from sources and dispose it to landfill, and TPP gets its fuel only from coal mine; and (ⅱ) proposed scenario, in which collected organic MSW is sent to biogas plant and from there, biogas is transported to TPP as a fuel. The model is solved for both the scenarios and identifies that the proposed system is performing better. It is reducing the total cost of the present system by around INR 30,462,326 per day which is consists of a reduction in functioning, transportation, environmental and social cost by INR 225580, 30120443, 113905 and 2397. In addition to that, it is also reducing the carbon emission by 186.43 tonnes daily. Further, sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the collection efficiency and TPP capacity parameter for testing the fitness of the model globally and in different cities. From the analysis, it is identified that the model is globally implementable and best suited for cities having low TPP capacity.
机译：人口和城市化的快速增长正在增加固体废物的产生以及对自然资源的需求。此外，增加需求和固定的自然资源数量正在使问题变得更加复杂和具有挑战性。它已被确定为此;循环经济的概念可以为解决问题提供解决方案。本研究探讨了市固体废物（MSW）管理中循环经济的经济，环境和社会可行性。本研究提出了一种利用收集的有机MSW的概念来通过将其转化为沼气，然后将其用作热电厂（TPP）中的燃料，以减少煤矿的负担。混合整数非线性程序（MINLP）模型被配制成最小化总成本，总成本为（Ⅰ）运行成本，（Ⅱ）运输成本，（Ⅲ）招聘费用，（ⅳ）环境成本，（ⅴ）社会成本，（ⅵ）罚款费用。拟议的系统通过案例研究验证了印度毕尔卡市的案例研究。已经进行了两种情景的开发模型：（Ⅰ）现有场景，其中从来源收集了废弃的MSW并将其处理到垃圾填埋场，而TPP仅从煤矿获得燃料; （Ⅱ）所提出的情景，其中收集的有机MSW被送到沼气植物，从那里到那里，沼气作为燃料运输到TPP。该模型可以解决这种情况，并识别所提出的系统正在更好地执行。它正在降低当前系统的总成本，周围的INR为30,462,326，由INR 225580,30120443,113905和2397的运作，运输，环境和社会成本减少。除此之外，它还还可减少每天186.43吨碳排放量。此外，通过改变收集效率和TPP容量参数来进行灵敏度分析，以测试全球模型的适应性和不同的城市。从分析中，确定该模型是全球可实现的，最适合TPP容量低的城市。

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