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Commonsense reasoning and commonsense knowledge in artificial intelligence

机译：人工智能中的常识推理和常识知识

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摘要

The famous saying, "Common sense is not so common," by Voltaire (Dictionnaire philosophique 1764), depends upon human experiences and individual perceptions. Common-sense reasoning (CR) in artificial intelligence (AI) includes domains like natural language processing (NLP), computer vision, and robotic manipulation. This paper discusses CR and knowledge in AI. The authors categorize successes in automated CR into four types: taxonomic reasoning, temporal reasoning, action and change, and qualitative reasoning. Taxonomic reasoning defines three basic relations: an individual is an instance of a category; one category is a subset of another; and two categories are disjoint. The temporal reasoning automates knowledge and reasoning about time, duration, and time intervals. The authors describe the theory of action, events, and change by simplifying constraints: events are atomic, single actor, and perfect knowledge. They further provide extensions to domains, including continuous domains, simultaneous events, probabilistic events, multiple agent domains, imperfect knowledge domains, and decision theory. According to the authors, "qualitative reasoning is about the direction of change in interrelated quantities."
机译：伏尔泰（Dictionnaire philosophique 1764）的名言“常识不是那么普遍”，取决于人类的经验和个人的看法。人工智能（AI）中的常识推理（CR）包括自然语言处理（NLP），计算机视觉和机器人操纵等领域。本文讨论了AI中的CR和知识。作者将自动CR的成功分为四类：分类推理，时间推理，行动和变化以及定性推理。分类推理定义了三个基本关系：个人是类别的实例；一类是另一类的子集；和两个类别是不相交的。时间推理使关于时间，持续时间和时间间隔的知识和推理自动化。作者通过简化约束条件来描述行为，事件和变化的理论：事件是原子的，单一的行为者和完善的知识。它们进一步提供了域的扩展，包括连续域，同时事件，概率事件，多个代理域，不完善的知识域和决策理论。这组作者说，“定性推理是关于相关量变化的方向。”

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