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Interface definitions in literature: A reality check

机译：文献中的接口定义：真实性检查

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Companies that develop multi-technological products are challenged on their ability to obtain high product quality and short development lead times in today's highly competitive and globalized markets. One of the main reasons for poor product quality is due to unidentified or poorly defined product interfaces during the design phase leading to unintended product behavior. In an effort to reduce the lead time and increase quality, companies may apply a modular product architecture, thus enabling parallel development and maturing of modules. Achieving a successful integration of the modules at the end of a design phase requires, however, an understanding of how the modules disintegrate from an early stage. This implies having a fundamental understanding of what an interface is. Despite the apparent academic consensus on the importance of product interfaces during design, very little research has been done on the definition and perception of a product interface within engineering design research which is the objective of this article. A structured literature review of interface definitions found within engineering design literature has been carried out. The different definitions were tabulated against four key issues concerning the nature of an interface. These were later discussed with use of a case example in order to reason out the implications to design. The literature review revealed an inconsistency in the perceptions of an interface with regard to how it manifests itself, whether it is a design object, and the use of element types. These key issues were justified using a case example of a solenoid valve. In light of the findings from the literature review, it is argued how interfaces between modules as well as interfaces that reside in the tension field between different engineering disciplines may require great attention since they are subject to negotiation and interpretation between disciplines, which could lead to miscommunication and inefficiency.
机译：在当今高度竞争和全球化的市场中，开发多技术产品的公司在获得高质量产品和短开发周期方面的能力受到了挑战。产品质量差的主要原因之一是由于在设计阶段未识别或定义不明确的产品界面导致意外的产品行为。为了减少交付时间和提高质量，公司可以采用模块化产品架构，从而实现模块的并行开发和成熟。但是，在设计阶段结束时要实现模块的成功集成，需要了解如何从早期阶段就分解模块。这意味着对接口是什么有基本的了解。尽管在设计过程中就产品接口的重要性达成了明显的学术共识，但针对工程设计研究中产品接口的定义和感知的研究很少，这是本文的目标。已经对工程设计文献中发现的接口定义进行了结构化的文献综述。列出了关于接口性质的四个关键问题的不同定义。稍后将通过使用案例来讨论这些内容，以便推断出对设计的含义。文献综述揭示了关于界面如何表现自身，界面是否为设计对象以及元素类型的使用方面的看法不一致。这些关键问题以电磁阀为例得到论证。根据文献综述的结果，有人争辩说模块之间的接口以及驻留在不同工程学科之间的紧张领域中的接口可能需要引起极大关注，因为它们需要在学科之间进行协商和解释，从而可能导致沟通不畅和效率低下。

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