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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Combined Effects of Levels of Protection and Environmental Variables at Different Spatial Resolutions on Fish Assemblages in a Marine Protected Area
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Combined Effects of Levels of Protection and Environmental Variables at Different Spatial Resolutions on Fish Assemblages in a Marine Protected Area

机译：保护水平和环境变量在不同空间分辨率下对海洋保护区鱼群的综合影响

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摘要

Abstract: The links between species–environment relations and species’ responses to protection are unclear, but the objectives of marine protected areas (MPAs) are most likely to be achieved when those relations are known and inform MPA design. The components of a species’ habitat vary with the spatial resolution of the area considered. We characterized areas at two resolutions: 250 m2 (transect) and approximately 30,000 m2 (seascape). We considered three categories of environmental variables: substrate type, bottom complexity, and depth. We sought to determine at which resolution habitat characteristics were a better predictor of abundance and species composition of fishes and whether the relations with environmental variables at either resolution affected species’ responses to protection. Habitat features accounted for a larger proportion of spatial variation in species composition and abundances than differences in protection status. This spatial variation was explained best by habitat characteristics at the seascape level than at the transect level. Species’ responses to protected areas were specific to particular seascape characteristics, primarily depth, and bottom complexity. Our method may be useful for prioritizing marine areas for protection, designing MPAs, and monitoring their effectiveness. It identified areas that provided natural shelter, areas acting as buffer zones, and areas where fish species were most responsive to protection. The identification of such areas is necessary for cost-effective establishment and monitoring of MPAs.
机译：摘要：物种与环境之间的关系与物种对保护的反应之间的联系尚不清楚，但是，只要了解了海洋保护区的关系并为海洋保护区的设计提供依据，就很可能实现海洋保护区的目标。物种栖息地的组成随所考虑区域的空间分辨率而变化。我们以两种分辨率对区域进行特征化：250 m 2 （横断面）和大约30,000 m 2 （海景）。我们考虑了三类环境变量：底物类型，底部复杂度和深度。我们试图确定在哪种分辨率下，栖息地特征可以更好地预测鱼类的丰度和物种组成，以及在任一分辨率下与环境变量的关系是否影响物种对保护的反应。生境特征在物种组成和丰度方面的空间变化所占比例要比保护状况的差异大。这种空间变化最好由海景水平而非横断面水平的栖息地特征来解释。物种对保护区的反应是特定于特定海景特征的，主要是深度和底部复杂性。我们的方法可能对确定优先保护海域，设计MPA以及监视其有效性可能有用。它确定了提供自然庇护所的区域，充当缓冲区的区域以及鱼类对保护最敏感的区域。为了经济有效地建立和监测海洋保护区，必须确定这些区域。

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