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首页> 外文期刊>Conservation Biology >Comparison of Modern and Historical Fish Catches (AD 750–1400) to Inform Goals for Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable Fisheries
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Comparison of Modern and Historical Fish Catches (AD 750–1400) to Inform Goals for Marine Protected Areas and Sustainable Fisheries

机译：比较现代和历史渔获量（公元750–1400年）以告知海洋保护区和可持续渔业的目标

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Abstract: We tested the unsustainable fishing hypothesis that species in assemblages of fish differ in relative abundance as a function of their size, growth rates, vagility, trophic level, and diet by comparing species composition in historical bone middens, modern fisheries, and areas closed to fishing. Historical data came from one of the earliest and most enduring Swahili coastal settlements (approximately AD 750–1400). Modern data came from fisheries near the archeological site and intensively harvested fishing grounds in southern Kenya. The areas we sampled that were closed to fishing (closures) were small (<28 km2) and permanent. The midden data indicated changes in the fish assemblage that are consistent with a weak expansion of fishing intensity and the unsustainable fishing hypothesis. Fishes represented in the early midden assemblages from AD 750 to 950 had longer life spans, older age at maturity, and longer generation times than fish assemblages after AD 950, when the abundance of species with longer maximum body lengths increased. Changes in fish life histories during the historical period were, however, one-third smaller than differences between the historical and modern assemblages. Fishes in the modern assemblage had smaller mean body sizes, higher growth and mortality rates, a higher proportion of microinvertivores, omnivores, and herbivores, and higher rates of food consumption, whereas the historical assemblage had a greater proportion of piscivores and macroinvertivores. Differences in fish life histories between modern closures and modern fishing grounds were also small, but the life histories of fishes in modern closures were more similar to those in the midden before AD 950 because they had longer life spans, older age at maturity, and a higher proportion of piscivores and macroinvertivores than the modern fisheries. Modern closures and historical fish assemblages were considerably different, although both contained species with longer life spans.
机译：摘要：我们通过比较历史骨密度，现代渔业和封闭地区的物种组成，检验了不可持续的捕鱼假说，即鱼类组合中的物种相对丰度随其大小，生长速度，易变性，营养水平和饮食的变化而变化去钓鱼。历史数据来自斯瓦希里语最早和最持久的沿海居民区之一（约公元750-1400年）。现代数据来自考古遗址附近的渔业以及肯尼亚南部密集捕捞的渔场。我们所采样的禁止捕鱼的区域（封闭）很小（<28 km 2 ）且永久。中等数据表明，鱼群的变化与捕捞强度的弱势扩张和不可持续的捕捞假设相一致。与公元950年之后（当时最大体长较长的物种数量增加）相比，在早期中期组合中（公元750年至950年）代表的鱼类具有更长的寿命，成熟的年龄和更长的世代时间。但是，在历史时期内，鱼类生活史的变化比历史和现代鱼类之间的差异小三分之一。现代组合中的鱼类平均体形较小，生长和死亡率较高，微食性，杂食性和食草动物的比例较高，食物消耗率较高，而历史组合中食肉和大型食肉动物的比例较高。现代禁闭区和现代渔场之间的鱼类生活史差异也很小，但是现代禁闭区的鱼类生活史与公元950年以前的中期更加相似，因为它们的寿命更长，成熟年龄更大，食肉动物和大型食肉动物的比例高于现代渔业。现代的封闭设施和历史悠久的鱼类组合有很大的不同，尽管两者都包含寿命更长的物种。

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