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Toward Best Practices for Developing Regional Connectivity Maps

机译：制定区域连通性地图的最佳做法

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Abstract: To conserve ecological connectivity (the ability to support animal movement, gene flow, range shifts, and other ecological and evolutionary processes that require large areas), conservation professionals need coarse-grained maps to serve as decision-support tools or vision statements and fine-grained maps to prescribe site-specific interventions. To date, research has focused primarily on fine-grained maps (linkage designs) covering small areas. In contrast, we devised 7 steps to coarsely map dozens to hundreds of linkages over a large area, such as a nation, province, or ecoregion. We provide recommendations on how to perform each step on the basis of our experiences with 6 projects: California Missing Linkages (2001), Arizona Wildlife Linkage Assessment (2006), California Essential Habitat Connectivity (2010), Two Countries, One Forest (northeastern United States and southeastern Canada) (2010), Washington State Connected Landscapes (2010), and the Bhutan Biological Corridor Complex (2010). The 2 most difficult steps are mapping natural landscape blocks (areas whose conservation value derives from the species and ecological processes within them) and determining which pairs of blocks can feasibly be connected in a way that promotes conservation. Decision rules for mapping natural landscape blocks and determining which pairs of blocks to connect must reflect not only technical criteria, but also the values and priorities of stakeholders. We recommend blocks be mapped on the basis of a combination of naturalness, protection status, linear barriers, and habitat quality for selected species. We describe manual and automated procedures to identify currently functioning or restorable linkages. Once pairs of blocks have been identified, linkage polygons can be mapped by least-cost modeling, other approaches from graph theory, or individual-based movement models. The approaches we outline make assumptions explicit, have outputs that can be improved as underlying data are improved, and help implementers focus strictly on ecological connectivity.
机译：摘要：为了保护生态连通性（支持动物运动，基因流动，范围转移以及需要大面积区域的其他生态和进化过程的能力），保护专业人员需要粗粒度的地图作为决策支持工具或愿景声明，细粒度的地图以指定特定于站点的干预措施。迄今为止，研究主要集中在覆盖小区域的细粒度地图（链接设计）上。相比之下，我们设计了7个步骤来粗略地绘制一个国家，省或生态区等大区域中数十到数百个链接。我们根据6个项目的经验提供有关如何执行每个步骤的建议：加利福尼亚州缺少联系（2001），亚利桑那州野生动物联系评估（2006），加利福尼亚人居中心连通性（2010），两个国家，一个森林（东北联合美国和加拿大东南部）（2010年），华盛顿州连通景观（2010年）和不丹生物走廊综合体（2010年）。这两个最困难的步骤是绘制自然景观块（其保护价值来自物种和生态过程的区域），并确定哪些对块可以通过促进保护的方式可行地连接。用于绘制自然景观图块并确定要连接的几对图块的决策规则不仅必须反映技术标准，而且还应反映利益相关者的价值观和优先事项。我们建议根据自然，保护状态，线性障碍和选定物种的栖息地质量的组合来对块进行映射。我们描述了手动和自动过程，以识别当前起作用或可恢复的链接。一旦确定了成对的块，就可以通过成本最低的建模，图论的其他方法或基于个体的运动模型来映射链接多边形。我们概述的方法使假设明确，​​具有可以随着基础数据的改进而改进的输出，并帮助实施者严格关注生态连通性。

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