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Phylogenetic Comparative Methods Strengthen Evidence for Reduced Genetic Diversity among Endangered Tetrapods

机译：系统发育比较方法加强了濒危四足动物之间减少遗传多样性的证据

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Abstract: The fitness of species with little genetic diversity is expected to be affected by inbreeding and an inability to respond to environmental change. Conservation theory suggests that endangered species will generally demonstrate lower genetic diversity than taxa that are not threatened. This hypothesis has been challenged because the time frame of anthropogenic extinction may be too fast to expect genetic factors to significantly contribute. I conducted a meta-analysis to examine how genetic diversity in 894 tetrapods correlates with extinction threat level. Because species are not evolutionarily independent, I used a phylogenetic regression framework to address this issue. Mean genetic diversity of tetrapods, as assessed by protein heterozygosity, was 29.7–31.5% lower on average in threatened species than in their nonthreatened relatives, a highly significant reduction. Within amphibians as diversity decreased extinction risk increased in phylogenetic models, but not in nonphylogenetic regressions. The effects of threatened status on diversity also remained significant after accounting for body size in mammals. These results support the hypothesis that genetic effects on population fitness are important in the extinction process.
机译：摘要：遗传多样性极少的物种的适应性预计会受到近交和无法应对环境变化的影响。保护理论认为，与未受到威胁的分类单元相比，濒危物种的遗传多样性通常较低。该假设受到质疑，因为人为灭绝的时间框架可能太快，以至于无法预期遗传因素会做出重大贡献。我进行了一项荟萃分析，以检查894个四足动物的遗传多样性与灭绝威胁程度之间的关系。因为物种不是进化独立的，所以我使用了系统进化回归框架来解决这个问题。通过蛋白质杂合性评估，四足动物的平均遗传多样性平均比受威胁物种低29.7–31.5％，这是受威胁物种的显着降低。在两栖动物内部，由于多样性降低，在系统发育模型中灭绝风险增加，但在非系统发育回归中则没有。考虑到哺乳动物的体型后，受威胁地位对多样性的影响仍然很显着。这些结果支持以下假设：遗传对种群适应度的影响在灭绝过程中很重要。

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