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Failure modes in three-point bending tests of cement-steel, cement cement and cement-sandstone bi-material beams

机译：水泥钢，水泥水泥和水泥砂岩双材料梁三点弯曲试验中的破坏模式

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摘要

Tensile strength of cement-steel and cement-rock interfaces is an important input parameter when predicting well integrity failure in petroleum industry as well as during underground CO2 storage. Laboratory tests of interface strength (e.g. the so-called pushout test) often provide estimates of shear rather than tensile strength. In this work, three-point bending test of bi-material beams was used to study tensile failure at cement-steel, cement-cement, and cement-sandstone interfaces. The tests revealed that cement-steel interfaces were the weakest ones, while cement-cement interfaces were the second weakest. Cement-sandstone interfaces were apparently quite strong: both tested cement sandstone beams broke inside the cement, ca. 2-3 cm off the interface. This surprising result, i.e. the interface being stronger than the hardened cement, was attributed to water suction from cement into the dry sandstone during setting, which was corroborated by the observed very uneven fracture surface. All bi-material beams had lower flexural strength than monolith cement beams. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：在预测石油工业以及地下CO2储存井完整性故障时，水泥-钢和水泥-岩石界面的抗拉强度是重要的输入参数。界面强度的实验室测试（例如，所谓的推出测试）通常提供剪切力而不是拉伸强度的估计。在这项工作中，双材料梁的三点弯曲测试用于研究水泥-钢，水泥-水泥和水泥-砂岩界面的拉伸破坏。测试表明，水泥-钢界面是最弱的界面，而水泥-水泥界面是第二弱的界面。水泥-砂岩界面显然很坚固：两个测试的水泥砂岩梁都在水泥内部破裂，大约是。距离接口2-3厘米。这种令人惊讶的结果，即界面比硬化的水泥强，归因于凝结过程中从水泥中吸水到干砂岩中，这被观察到的非常不均匀的裂缝表面所证实。所有双材料梁的抗弯强度均低于整体式水泥梁。 （C）2017 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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