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Approximated calculation model for plastic deformations of granular waste materials

机译：粒状废料塑性变形的近似计算模型

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This paper suggests an approximate model to estimate the total plastic deformation of layers made of granular materials. In this work, the model was designed to calculate the plastic deformations of the cylindrical specimen of monotonic triaxial tests. The model concept is based on the deformation mechanisms of granular material presented in the literature review. These mechanisms assumed that the volume of the whole granular material structure decreases because of particle rearrangements and compressibility of the materials. In triaxial tests, there are three main stages of loading and deformations. A plastic deformation begins in the material due to the post-compaction and tamping effects of the initial loading. This deformation results from compression of the fine material coating between the particles completely or partially depending on its degree of compressibility expressed, herein, by a hardness coefficient. At further loads, the particles contact directly each other and the sample behaves elasticity. When resultant forces on the particle at high levels of loading are more than the confining pressure and shear strength of the material, the particles move or slip laterally causing damage and buckling. The model estimates the total vertical deformations of the material as the sum of the deformation resulting from the post-compaction process and those generated from the re-orientation and horizontal movement of the particles. The model was validated with the results of monotonic triaxial tests of untreated and treated blends made of limestone and Incinerator Bottom Ash Waste (1BAW) to examine the effect of various material properties on the model calculation accuracy. The model results showed that the approximation model depicted the experimental value of the plastic deformations fairly well as the error parentage ranged between 12% and -15% for treated and untreated blends.
机译：本文提出了一个近似模型来估计由颗粒材料制成的层的总塑性变形。在这项工作中，该模型被设计为计算单调三轴试验的圆柱试样的塑性变形。模型概念基于文献综述中提出的粒状材料的变形机理。这些机理假定整个颗粒材料结构的体积由于颗粒的重排和材料的可压缩性而减小。在三轴测试中，载荷和变形主要分为三个阶段。由于初始载荷的后压缩和夯实作用，材料开始发生塑性变形。这种变形是由于颗粒之间的精细材料涂层的完全或部分压缩所致，这取决于其在本文中通过硬度系数表示的可压缩程度。在进一步的载荷下，颗粒彼此直接接触，样品表现出弹性。当在高载荷水平下作用在颗粒上的合力大于材料的限制压力和剪切强度时，颗粒会横向移动或滑动，从而导致损坏和屈曲。该模型将材料的总垂直变形估算为后压缩过程产生的变形与颗粒重新定向和水平运动产生的变形之和。用石灰石和焚化炉底灰废物（1BAW）制成的未处理混合物和经处理混合物的单调三轴试验结果验证了该模型，以检验各种材料性能对模型计算精度的影响。模型结果表明，近似模型很好地描述了塑性变形的实验值，对于处理过的和未处理过的共混物，误差父母亲在12％至-15％之间。

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