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Local post-strengthening of masonry structures with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs)

机译：纤维增强聚合物（FRP）对砖石结构进行局部后加固

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In-plane loaded masonry structures can be post-strengthened effectively with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP). This applies to shear walls under vertical and horizontal loading, as well as to walls with additional cut-outs or single loads. A mechanical model is required in all cases for the detailing and design of post-strengthening measures and to characterize load transfer within the wall and, from this, to calculate stresses of masonry and FRP materials. To establish a three-step model for local post-strengthened masonry walls, extensive testing on different scales has been carried out at the University of Kassel within the last few years. Firstly, the load transfer between single masonry units and FRP was addressed. Overall, 91 bonding tests were carried out with seven types of bricks and blocks to examine failure modes and the bonding strength for a broad variety of bricks and blocks. Two different types of adhesive were used in combination with four types of glass- and carbon-fibers. Based on the results of the bonding tests, 24 anchoring tests overall on two different types of masonry - clay brick and calcium-silicate - were carried out under different geometrical and loading conditions. The test results of all test series will be explained by a combination of fracture mechanics and strut-and-tie modeling. A mechanical model based on fracture energy provides the background for the theoretical explanation of the debonding phenomena. The model can be used to predict failure of bonding on single bricks as well as bonding geometries with more than one brick where the bonding area is separated by bed or head joints. Comparison of data from calculations and testing exhibited good correlation.
机译：平面加载的砖石结构可以通过纤维增强聚合物（FRP）有效地进行后加强。这适用于在垂直和水平荷载下的剪力墙，以及具有附加切口或单一荷载的墙。在所有情况下，都需要一个机械模型来详细说明和设计后加强措施，并表征墙内的荷载传递，并据此计算砌体和FRP材料的应力。为了建立本地后加筋砌体墙的三步模型，过去几年来，卡塞尔大学已对不同比例的模型进行了广泛的测试。首先，解决了单个砌体单元与玻璃钢之间的荷载传递问题。总体而言，对7种类型的砖块进行了91次粘结测试，以检验破坏模式和各种砖块的粘结强度。两种不同类型的粘合剂与四种类型的玻璃纤维和碳纤维结合使用。根据粘结测试的结果，在两种不同类型的砖石和硅酸钙砌体上，在不同的几何和荷载条件下进行了24项锚固测试。所有测试系列的测试结果将通过断裂力学和拉杆-拉杆模型的结合进行解释。基于断裂能的力学模型为脱粘现象的理论解释提供了背景。该模型可用于预测单块砖的粘结失败以及具有不止一块砖的粘结几何形状，其中粘结区域被床或头缝分开。计算和测试数据的比较显示出良好的相关性。

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