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Informality in the construction sector in developing countries

机译：发展中国家建筑业的非正式性

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Studies dating from the mid 1990s describe a rapid expansion of 'informal' construction activity in many parts of the developing world. This has been accompanied by increasing diversity in the interpretation of the concept, leading to considerable confusion. Through a wide review of the literature an attempt is made to bring some clarity to the debate. It is argued that the essence of informality is the absence of regulation. As construction activity is subject to a wide variety of regulations, different interpretations of informality in the construction industry are inevitable. Four aspects of regulation are highlighted: regulation of enterprises, of the terms and conditions of employment, of the process of construction and of the product. This suggests four areas of informality: the informal sector of enterprises, informal labour, the informal construction system and informal building/settlements. The four areas are frequently interrelated. But there are no hard and fast dividing lines between formal and informal, rather a gradation.
机译：1990年代中期的研究表明，在发展中国家的许多地区，“非正式”建筑活动迅速扩大。随之而来的是在概念解释上的多样性的增加，导致了相当大的困惑。通过对文献的广泛回顾，试图使辩论更加清晰。有人认为，非正式性的实质是缺乏监管。由于建筑活动受各种各样的法规的约束，因此不可避免地对建筑业中的非正式性有不同的解释。强调了四个方面的监管：企业监管，雇佣条款和条件，建设过程和产品监管。这表明存在四个非正式领域：企业的非正式部门，非正式的劳动力，非正式的建筑系统和非正式的建筑/住区。这四个领域经常相互联系。但是正式和非正式之间并没有严格的分界线，而是一个等级。

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