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首页> 外文期刊>Contemporary social science >Understanding gender inequality in employment and retirement
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Understanding gender inequality in employment and retirement

机译：了解就业和退休中的性别不平等

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摘要

The paper is concerned with the occupation-based inequalities of women and men in economically developed societies. The inequalities in their working lives lead to inequalities in retirement, and particularly the greater poverty endured by women. Occupational gender segregation, the tendency for women and men to work in different occupations, results in gender inequalities. The inequalities are measured by pay and class-status. The extent of the inequality in a country is measured as the vertical dimension of the occupational segregation, which varies appreciably across countries. In employment, men almost always have an advantage on the vertical dimension of pay, while on class-status the advantage lies with women. The gender inequalities in working lives carry over into retirement, though in a somewhat different manner. In retirement there is a wide range of experience from affluence to poverty, with a great many experiencing poverty. Those from lower class-status levels who earned too little to save for pensions, including those who worked part-time, suffer poverty in retirement. The occupational status advantage of women disappears, while their income disadvantage combines with greater life expectancy, with the consequence that women are among the majority of retired people in poverty.
机译：本文关注的是经济发达社会中基于职业的男女不平等。他们工作生活中的不平等导致退休的不平等，尤其是妇女所承受的更大的贫困。职业性别隔离，男女从事不同职业的倾向导致性别不平等。不平等是通过薪酬和阶级状况来衡量的。一个国家的不平等程度以职业隔离的垂直维度来衡量，在各个国家之间差异很大。在就业方面，男人几乎总是在薪资的纵向方面具有优势，而在阶级地位方面，优势在于女性。工作生活中的性别不平等一直延续到退休，尽管方式有所不同。在退休生活中，有从富裕到贫穷的各种经历，其中许多人都经历过贫穷。那些处于较低阶级地位的人，他们的收入太少而无法积pension退休金，其中包括那些从事非全日制工作的人，他们的退休生活很贫困。妇女的职业地位优势消失了，而她们的收入劣势与更长的预期寿命相结合，其结果是妇女是贫困中大多数退休人员。

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