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Applying the eclectic framework: The strategy of transnational criminal enterprises in the global era

机译：应用折衷框架：全球时代的跨国犯罪企业战略

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摘要

Purpose – This paper seeks to explore the applicability of the eclectic framework of international production in explaining the growth of transnational crime groups. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts a comparative discussion perspective. It examines a number of both similarities and differences between legitimate and illegal international business organizations suggesting that similarities between the two are sufficient to ensure the usefulness of existing explanatory frameworks which focus on ownership, location and internalization (OLI) advantages. Findings – Similarities are apparent in the growing internationalization of criminal activities and the emergence of network structures. Key changes in the business environment, particularly globalization and technological change, are affecting both legitimate and illegal business. Like legitimate business, international crime is undergoing significant change. Increased diversification is apparent as traditional criminal activities – gambling, loan sharking and prostitution – are combined with cross-border automobile smuggling, art and archaeological theft, arms trafficking, trade in illegal wildlife products and credit-card fraud. Originality/value – The discussion suggests a “mirroring” of legitimate international business strategies and structures by transnational criminal organizations. This raises interesting policy implications as to how such organisations might develop over time and how policy could be used to contain such activities.
机译：目的–本文旨在探讨国际生产折衷框架在解释跨国犯罪集团增长方面的适用性。设计/方法/方法–本文采用比较讨论的观点。它研究了合法和非法国际商业组织之间的许多相似点和不同点，表明两者之间的相似点足以确保现有的解释性框架的有效性，这些框架着眼于所有权，位置和内部化（OLI）优势。调查结果–犯罪活动的国际化日益发展和网络结构的出现，显而易见。商业环境中的关键变化，特别是全球化和技术变化，正在影响合法和非法业务。像合法生意一样，国际犯罪正在发生重大变化。随着传统犯罪活动（赌博，放高利贷和卖淫）与跨境汽车走私，艺术品和考古盗窃，武器贩运，非法野生生物产品贸易和信用卡欺诈相结合，显而易见，多元化程度日益提高。原创性/价值–讨论建议跨国犯罪组织“镜像”合法的国际商业策略和结构。这对于此类组织如何随着时间发展以及如何使用政策来遏制此类活动提出了有趣的政策含义。

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