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New Insights into the Modulation of Immune Response by Fasciola hepatica Excretory-Secretory Products

机译：肝片Fasciola排泄性分泌产品对免疫应答调节的新见解

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摘要

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that affects human and domestic ruminant health, causing significant economic losses in cattle estimated at US$2000 millon per year. Juvenile parasites migrating through the host tissues, as well as adults settle in the biliary ducts, are in contact with different cells from the immune system. Despite those interactions, the persistence of the parasite in the host for many years provides evidence of its ability to prevent or downmodulate the inflammatory response in the infection site. Different strategies have been developed by the parasite to prevent potential damage being induced by the immune response, thus allowing some parasites to reach the adult stage in a safe place such as the biliary ducts. In this review we discuss how excretory-secretory products (ESP) from F. hepatica can affect the functionality of pivotal immune cells, such as eosinophils and macrophages by inducing selective apoptosis pathways and alternative activation of macrophages. Furhermore, the modulatory effects of ESP on dendritic cell activation and lymphocyte proliferation is reviewed as a strategy to facilitate F. hepatica evasion of both innate and adaptive immunity.
机译：Fasciola hepatica是影响人和家庭反刍动物健康的吸虫，估计每年给牛造成2000美元的重大经济损失。通过宿主组织迁移的幼虫，以及成年人定居在胆管中，都与免疫系统的不同细胞接触。尽管存在这些相互作用，但寄生虫在宿主中的持久存在提供了其预防或降低感染部位炎症反应能力的证据。寄生虫已开发出不同的策略来防止免疫反应诱导潜在的损害，从而使某些寄生虫能够在安全的地方（例如胆管）到达成年阶段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肝镰孢的排泄分泌产物（ESP）如何通过诱导选择性凋亡途径和巨噬细胞的选择性激活来影响关键免疫细胞（如嗜酸性粒细胞和巨噬细胞）的功能。此外，ESP对树突状细胞活化和淋巴细胞增殖的调节作用已被综述为促进肝炎双球菌逃避先天免疫和适应性免疫的策略。

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