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Lipid-Specific Immune Responses Against Tuberculosis: From Basic Science to Medical Applications

机译：针对结核的脂质特异性免疫反应：从基础科学到医学应用

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Mycobacteria are unique in that their thick cell wall contains a variety of lipid and glycolipid components that are critical for survival and virulence of the microbes. Studies over the past decade have established that our immune system has evolved an outstanding ability to elicit immune responses directed specifically against these highly hydrophorbic lipid antigens. Unlike MHC molecules that bind peptide antigens, human group 1 CD1 molecules (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c) bind mycobacteria-derived lipid antigens and present them to specific T cells that control mycobacterial infection. Presensitization of these CD1-restricted T cells with specific lipids results in protection against tuberculosis, underscoring the possibility that lipids may comprise a new biochemical class of vaccines against microbial infection. Further, the humoral immunity against certain glycolipids derived from the cell wall of mycobacteria has also been noted in patients with active tuberculosis, and the IgG antibody titers correlate with the disease activity. Thus, these lipid-specific immune responses have significant medical implications that have never been recognized previously.
机译：分枝杆菌的独特之处在于其厚的细胞壁包含多种脂质和糖脂成分，这些成分对于微生物的存活和毒力至关重要。过去十年的研究表明，我们的免疫系统已经发展出了出色的能力，可以引发针对这些高度疏水性脂质抗原的免疫反应。与结合肽抗原的MHC分子不同，人类第1组CD1分子（CD1a，CD1b，CD1c）结合分枝杆菌衍生的脂质抗原并将其呈递给控制分枝杆菌感染的特定T细胞。用特定脂质对这些CD1限制性T细胞进行预敏化可保护其免受结核病的侵害，从而强调了脂质可能构成了针对微生物感染的新型生化疫苗的可能性。此外，在患有活动性结核病的患者中，还注意到针对源自分枝杆菌细胞壁的某些糖脂的体液免疫，并且IgG抗体滴度与疾病活性相关。因此，这些脂质特异性免疫反应具有重要的医学意义，以前从未认识到。

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