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An integrated methodological framework: engaging local communities in Arctic tourism development and community-based adaptation

机译：综合方法框架：使地方社区参与北极旅游业的发展和基于社区的适应

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摘要

The Arctic region is experiencing transformation due to climate change, generating both threats and opportunities to local communities. In addition to warming, the signs of climate change are expected to materialise through an increase in the frequency and intensity of weather extremes. Climate-change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) have so far operated fairly independently, but there is an emerging need to examine their synergies due to their similarities. Tourism in the Arctic is also increasingly being encouraged by the different levels of government and seen as an important tool for economic development. The special features of Arctic tourism include a high dependency on natural resources, making it vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This article introduces a methodological framework merging elements from DRR, CCA and tourism development with a focus on community-based data-acquiring technique. Its practicality is emphasised through the focus on current and past community responses to weather anomalies and consequent adaptation measures. It additionally explores the relationship between the environment, community and tourism and aims to understand the characteristics of a community. Two case-study communities in Finnish Lapland demonstrate its relevance and contribution to CCA and to wider sustainable Arctic tourism development.
机译：由于气候变化，北极地区正在经历转型，给当地社区带来威胁和机遇。除变暖外，预计气候变化的迹象还将通过增加极端天气的频率和强度来实现。到目前为止，气候变化适应（CCA）和减少灾害风险（DRR）都相当独立，但是由于它们的相似性，迫切需要检查它们的协同作用。北极的旅游业也越来越受到各级政府的鼓励，并被视为经济发展的重要工具。北极旅游的特点包括对自然资源的高度依赖，使其容易受到气候变化的影响。本文介绍了一种方法框架，该框架融合了DRR，CCA和旅游业发展的要素，重点是基于社区的数据获取技术。通过关注当前和过去社区对天气异常的反应以及随之而来的适应措施来强调其实用性。它还探讨了环境，社区和旅游业之间的关系，旨在了解社区的特征。芬兰拉普兰的两个案例研究社区证明了其对CCA和对更广泛的北极可持续旅游业发展的意义和贡献。

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