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Genomics to tree breeding and forest health

机译：树木育种和森林健康的基因组学

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Genomic discovery in forest trees follows paradigms from both agricultural crop and livestock improvement and human medicine. Forest trees in a domesticated state can be improved using genomic-based breeding technologies, whereas the health of trees in a natural and undomesticated state might be managed using those same technologies. These applications begin by first dissecting complex traits in trees to their individual gene components and for that the association genetics approach is quite powerful in trees. This is true for several reasons including large, random mating, and unstructured populations and the rapid decay of linkage disequilibrium in many tree species. Once marker by trait associations are discovered, they can be used in genomic-based breeding and forest health diagnostics. Initial studies in trees have found ample nucleotide diversity in candidate genes to perform association studies and single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with economic and adaptive traits. Population genetic neutrality tests have been applied to identify genes probably under natural selection and thus make good candidates for developing forest health diagnostic tools.
机译：林木中的基因组发现遵循农业作物和牲畜改良以及人类医学的范例。可以使用基于基因组的育种技术来改善处于驯化状态的林木，而可以使用那些相同的技术来管理处于自然状态和未内陷状态的林木的健康状况。这些应用首先是将树木中的复杂性状分解为它们各自的基因成分，为此，关联遗传学方法在树木中非常强大。造成这种情况的原因有很多，包括大量随机交配和非结构化种群以及许多树木物种中连锁不平衡的迅速衰减。一旦发现逐个特征的标记，它们便可以用于基于基因组的育种和森林健康诊断。树木的初步研究发现候选基因中有足够的核苷酸多样性来进行关联研究，并且单核苷酸多态性与经济和适应性特征有关。种群遗传中性测试已被用于鉴定可能是自然选择的基因，因此是开发森林健康诊断工具的良好候选者。

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