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Analysis of part-whole relation and subsumption in the medical domain

机译：医学领域的整体与整体关系分析

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The part-whole relation has significant effect on classification in the medical domain, since diagnoses, medical procedures and findings commonly relate to anatomical objects and their parts. The paper analyses conventional medical terminology and classification systems with respect to part-whole relations, it investigates how languages of the KL-ONE-family approach the complexity of part-whole relation and subsumption, and it outlines recent developments in medical concept representation. Conventional systems used for medical documentation, indexing of clinical data or bibliographical retrieval are weak for several reasons. Partitive and generic relations are often incompletely represented and both relations are often mixed. This is due to the common combination of a concept system with a coding schema, which often constrains the hierarchical organization of concepts. Terminological languages in the tradition of KL-ONE approach the part-whole relation by different ways: Partly, they use the transitivity of subsumption for representing the transitivity of part-whole. On the other hand, there are arguments for keeping the part-whole relation outside the classifier and for modelling the effect of part-whole on subsumption in the axiomatic component of a terminological reasoning system. GRAIL and BERNWARD are approaches which focus on formal concept representation in the medical domain. GRAIL considers part-whole relations by the classifier and allows for the specification of roles to be refinable along partitive criteria. BERNWARD is based on conceptual graphs and follows a different approach. The transitivity of part-whole is represented by explicit ordering of concepts through a partonomy and by transitive chaining of part-of roles in composite concept descriptions. Both approaches allow for partitive nesting in concept representation and consider the effect of partitive attributes on subsumption by the classifier, but lack a deeper theory of the part-whole relation.
机译：整体-整体关系对医学领域的分类有重要影响，因为诊断，医疗程序和发现通常与解剖对象及其部位有关。本文分析了有关整体关系的常规医学术语和分类系统，研究了KL-ONE族的语言如何处理复杂的整体关系和包容性，并概述了医学概念表示的最新发展。用于医疗文档，临床数据索引或书目检索的常规系统由于一些原因而较弱。参与关系和一般关系通常不完整地表示，并且两种关系经常混合在一起。这是由于概念系统与编码架构的常见组合，通常会限制概念的层次结构。 KL-ONE传统中的术语语言通过不同的方式处理部分-整体关系：部分地，它们使用包容性的可及性来表示部分-整体的可及性。另一方面，存在着这样的论点，即将整体部分关系保持在分类器之外，并且在术语推理系统的公理成分中模拟整体部分对包含的影响。 GRAIL和BERNWARD是专注于医学领域中正式概念表示的方法。 GRAIL通过分类器考虑部分-整体关系，并允许根据参与标准对角色规范进行完善。 BERNWARD基于概念图，并采用不同的方法。整体的可传递性是通过对一个概念的显式排序和复合概念描述中的部分角色的传递链来表示的。两种方法都允许在概念表示中进行部分嵌套，并考虑了分类器对部分属性的影响，但是缺少更深入的部分-整体关系理论。

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