Three years after Alexander the Great aborted his invasion of South Asia east of the Indus around 321 BC, Hindu philosopher, economist and jurist named Chanakhya (also called Kautilya) wrote the "Arthashastra". Written in Sanskrit it is the oldest treatise in the world on statecraft and issues of diplomacy, war and peace, intelligence, espionage, etc. Hindu rulers have applied its teachings for 2500 years. After Indian failures in the 1962 and 1965 wars, Research and Analytical (RAW) was established in 1968.
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