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Asia-Pacific Demand for Military Expenditure: Spatial Panel and SUR Estimates

机译:亚太地区军事支出需求:空间面板和SUR估计

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This article investigates the demand for military expenditure for a sample of key Asia-Pacific countries. Spatial panel demand estimates are presented for three joined spatial units using a fixed-coefficient spatial lag model based on a two-step efficient GMM estimator. Spatial autoregression estimates are next presented for 1991-2015, founded on alternative kinds of country connectivities, such as contiguity, inverse distance, discrete distance, and power-projection considerations. Finally, 11 select countries' demands for defense equations are estimated using seemingly unrelated regressions. From alternative perspectives, these estimated models indicate how Asia-Pacific countries respond to the defense spending of other countries. In the spatial runs, free riding is prevalent despite the growing military might of China, which apparently is not generally viewed as a threat. For the sample period, the projection of Chinese or American power is a relevant spatial factor. The main threat is reflected in non-U.S. allies' reaction to U.S. allies' defense spending during 1991-2015 and to Chinese defense spending after 2002.
机译:本文调查了一些主要亚太国家对军事支出的需求。使用基于两步有效GMM估计器的固定系数空间滞后模型,针对三个联合空间单元提出了空间面板需求估计。接下来将提出1991-2015年的空间自回归估计,该估计基于其他类型的国家连通性,例如连续性,反距离,离散距离和功率投影因素。最后,使用看似无关的回归估计了11个选定国家对国防方程的需求。从其他角度来看,这些估计的模型表明了亚太国家如何应对其他国家的国防支出。在空间上,尽管中国的军事力量日益强大,但自由骑行仍很普遍,这显然不被视为威胁。在样本期间,中国或美国力量的投射是一个相关的空间因素。主要威胁反映在非美国盟国对1991-2015年期间美国盟国的国防支出以及对2002年之后中国对国防支出的反应中。

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