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首页> 外文期刊>Desalination and water treatment >Experience with integrated ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis systems in industrial applications in Spain
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Experience with integrated ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis systems in industrial applications in Spain

机译：在西班牙工业应用中具有集成的超滤/反渗透系统的经验

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摘要

While fresh water resources are increasingly limited, efforts are taken aiming at a more efficient use of those resources and the value of water reuse, not only due to environmental but also due to economic aspects. This is especially true for the industrial sector, with a high potential to save water by reuse. This is expected to be even more critical in the coming future as the price of the water increases and the access to good quality water sources near the industries decreases. Reverse osmosis (RO) technology has been used in the industrial sector for decades for various purposes such as softening, ultra pure water production, or water reuse. But like in other applications such as desalination, in industrial applications, membrane fouling remains as one of the main causes for poor RO plant performance. This implies frequent downtime for cleaning and maintenance and shorter membrane life time, leading to significant operational costs. Therefore, the selection of a proper pretreatment is essential to produce a high quality feed water for the RO system in order to ensure a more sustainable and reliable operation. In the past decades, ultrafiltration (UF) has become more popular for RO pretreatment in the municipal and lately in the industrial sector too. Ultrafiltrate water is virtually free of particles, colloids, and suspended solids. Therefore, plugging of RO feed channels is minimized and the RO cleaning frequency can be noticeably reduced. In comparison with conventional filtration (e.g. sand filtration), UF requires significantly lower footprint, produces a higher and more consistent water quality regardless of variations in the feed quality, and usually needs less power and chemicals. This paper will review the design and operational data of a number of successful full-scale integrated membrane systems (UF followed by RO) installed in different types of industries and treating diverse water sources.
机译：尽管淡水资源日益受到限制，但不仅出于环境原因，而且由于经济方面的原因，人们都在努力更有效地利用这些资源和水的再利用价值。对于工业部门而言尤其如此，它具有通过再利用节省水的巨大潜力。随着水的价格上涨以及在工业附近获得优质水源的机会减少，预计在未来的将来这将变得更加关键。反渗透（RO）技术已经在工业领域使用了数十年，用于各种目的，例如软化，超纯水生产或中水回用。但是，与其他应用（如脱盐）一样，在工业应用中，膜结垢仍然是反渗透装置性能不佳的主要原因之一。这意味着清洁和维护的频繁停机时间以及较短的膜寿命，导致大量的运营成本。因此，选择适当的预处理对于为反渗透系统生产高质量的给水，以确保更可持续和更可靠的运行至关重要。在过去的几十年中，超滤（UF）在市政以及最近在工业领域中越来越普遍地用于RO预处理。超滤液水实际上不含颗粒，胶体和悬浮固体。因此，RO进料通道的堵塞被最小化并且RO清洗频率可以显着降低。与传统的过滤（例如沙滤）相比，超滤所需的占地面积小得多，无论进料质量如何变化，都能产生更高，更一致的水质，并且通常需要更少的功率和化学物质。本文将回顾安装在不同类型行业中并处理各种水源的许多成功的全尺寸集成膜系统（UF，然后是RO）的设计和操作数据。

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