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首页> 外文期刊>Desalination and water treatment >Challenges and achievements in the expansion of the Granot BWRO plant: A part of Israel’s coastal aquifer rehabilitation project
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Challenges and achievements in the expansion of the Granot BWRO plant: A part of Israel’s coastal aquifer rehabilitation project

机译：Granot BWRO工厂扩建面临的挑战和成就：以色列沿海含水层修复项目的一部分

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The Granot inland BWRO (brackish water reverse osmosis) desalination plant is a part of the Aquifer Rehabilitation Project, which aims to prevent the salinization of the Israeli coastal aquifer. The main flow gradient of groundwater in the region is from a brackish aquifer in the east, to one of Israel's main freshwater aquifers (the coastal aquifer) in the west. To prevent salinization of the freshwater aquifer, a buffer zone has been created in-between the two aquifers, comprised of approximately 40 wells. These wells act as a barrier to salinization by pumping the brackish water before it reaches the coastal aquifer. This brackish water feeds the Granot BWRO and Lahat BWRO desalination plants. This aquifer rehabilitation project consists of three main parts: (1) a line of wells along the boundary between the two aquifers, (2) the BWRO desalination plants, and (3) a unique, exceptionally long (30 km) brine disposal pipeline to the Mediterranean Sea. From the outset, this project was designed to accommodate expansions in the production capacity of the system as well as to cope with increasing salinity of the source water. Accordingly, since 2004 there has been a gradual expansion over the years, in the number of desalination units within the Granot Plant. Currently, three desalination units are in operation, and a fourth unit is targeted to initiate production in June 2015. The total capacity at the Granot plant will be 41,600 m(3) d(-1) in 2015, and subsequent to the planned fifth unit, production is expected to reach 52,900 m(3) d(-1). This paper discusses the optimal design of the desalination plant, including considerations of RO membrane type, configuration, and post-treatment processes. This design is chosen to meet the permeate water quality regulations, and to minimize energy consumption. The design and construction of the Granot Plant meets all of the regulations of the Israeli Water Authority and the Israeli Ministry of Health, including respective boron and chloride concentration limits in the permeate, of 0.35 ppm and 20 ppm, respectively. Mekorot has also overcome several issues in the design phase as a result of an expected increase TDS and silica concentrations which might increase the scaling tendency. TDS and silica concentrations (and consequently, scaling) are expected to increase further by more than 20% during the coming decade. Experiments were carried out to address the challenge of preventing scaling on the RO membrane and within the brine disposal pipeline. These experiments have led to adjustments in the design features of the desalination units, including the operational conditions and chemical usage.
机译：格兰诺内陆BWRO（微咸水反渗透）淡化厂是含水层修复项目的一部分，该项目旨在防止以色列沿海含水层盐碱化。该地区地下水的主要流量梯度是从东部的咸淡含水层到西部的以色列主要淡水含水层之一（沿海含水层）。为了防止淡水含水层盐碱化，在两个含水层之间创建了一个缓冲区，由大约40口井组成。这些井通过在咸淡水到达沿海含水层之前将其抽水，成为盐渍化的屏障。这种微咸的水为Granot BWRO和Lahat BWRO海水淡化厂供料。该含水层修复项目包括三个主要部分：（1）沿两个含水层之间的边界的一口井线；（2）BWRO海水淡化厂；以及（3）一条独特的，超长的（30公里）盐水处理管道地中海。从一开始，该项目就旨在适应系统生产能力的扩大以及应付水源盐分增加的问题。因此，自2004年以来，多年来，格兰诺特工厂的淡化装置数量逐渐扩大。目前，有3个海水淡化装置正在运行，第4个装置计划于2015年6月投入生产。Granot工厂的总产能将在2015年以及计划中的第5个装置之后达到41,600 m（3）d（-1）。单位，预计产量将达到52,900 m（3）d（-1）。本文讨论了海水淡化厂的最佳设计，包括对反渗透膜类型，配置和后处理工艺的考虑。选择该设计以满足渗透水水质法规并最大程度地减少能耗。格兰诺特工厂的设计和建造符合以色列水务局和以色列卫生部的所有法规，包括渗透液中硼和氯的各自浓度极限分别为0.35 ppm和20 ppm。由于预期的TDS和二氧化硅浓度可能会增加结垢趋势，因此Mekorot在设计阶段还克服了一些问题。预计在未来十年中，TDS和二氧化硅的浓度（因此，结垢）将进一步增加20％以上。进行实验以解决防止反渗透膜和盐水处理管道内结垢的挑战。这些实验导致对脱盐装置的设计特征进行了调整，包括操作条件和化学用量。

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