The first and simplest category is pragmatic, or trial and error. This is presumably the way generations of human beings cumulatively designed the teepee, the igloo, the canoe, the kayak, the plow, the spoon, the bowl, and many things that we greatly admire. This is an ages-long, non-intellectual form of design, and has been the subject of countless cartoons and anecdotes. As someone unkindly put it there were probably a lot of frozen Eskimos and drowned Indians during unsuccessful attempts at the development of the igloo and the canoe, before they reached the elegance and effectiveness that we see in them now; and we know from history that a lot of users of firearms lost various bits and pieces of themselves before the relatively safe modern firearm was developed (safe, that is, to its user, not to its target).
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