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Practical witness encryption for algebraic languages or how to encrypt under Groth-Sahai proofs

机译:代数语言的实用见证加密或如何在Groth-Sahai证明下加密

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Witness encryption (WE) is a recent powerful encryption paradigm, which allows to encrypt amessage using the description of a hard problem (a word in an NP-language) and someone who knows a solution to this problem (a witness) is able to efficiently decrypt the ciphertext. Recent work thereby focuses on constructing WE for NP complete languages (and thus NP). While this rich expressiveness allows flexibility w.r.t. applications, it makes existing instantiations impractical. Thus, it is interesting to study practical variants of WE schemes for subsets of NP that are still expressive enough for many cryptographic applications. We show that such WE schemes can be generically constructed from smooth projective hash functions (SPHFs). In terms of concrete instantiations of SPHFs (and thus WE), we target languages of statements proven in the popular Groth-Sahai (GS) non-interactive witness-indistinguishable/zero-knowledge proof framework. This allows us to provide a novel way to encrypt. In particular, encryption is with respect to a GS proof and efficient decryption can only be done by the respective prover. The so obtained constructions are entirely practical. To illustrate our techniques, we apply them in context of privacy-preserving exchange of information.
机译:见证加密(WE)是近来功能强大的加密范例,它允许使用对难题(NP语言中的单词)的描述来加密消息,并且知道该问题的解决方案的人(见证人)可以有效地进行加密。解密密文。因此,最近的工作重点是为NP完整语言(从而也为NP)构建WE。虽然这种丰富的表现力可以带来灵活性应用程序,它使现有的实例化变得不切实际。因此,有趣的是研究针对NP子集的WE方案的实际变体,该变体对于许多密码学应用仍然具有足够的表现力。我们表明,这种WE方案可以从平滑投影哈希函数(SPHF)通用构建。就SPHF(以及WE)的具体实例而言,我们的目标是在流行的Groth-Sahai(GS)非交互的,无法区分证人/零知识的证明框架中证明的陈述语言。这使我们能够提供一种新颖的加密方式。特别是,加密是针对GS证明的,而有效的解密只能由相应的证明者完成。如此获得的构造是完全实用的。为了说明我们的技术,我们将它们应用在保护隐私的信息交换中。

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