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The empathic brain and its dysfunction in psychiatric populations: implications for intervention across different clinical conditions

机译：精神病患者的共情大脑及其功能障碍：跨不同临床条件进行干预的意义

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Empathy is a concept central to psychiatry, psychotherapy and clinical psychology. The construct of empathy involves not only the affective experience of the other person's actual or inferred emotional state but also some minimal recognition and understanding of another's emotional state. It is proposed, in the light of multiple levels of analysis including social psychology, cognitive neuroscience and clinical neuropsychology, a model of empathy that involves both bottom-up and top-down information processing underpinned by parallel and distributed computational mechanisms. The predictive validity of this model is explored with reference to clinical conditions. As many psychiatric conditions are associated with deficits or even lack of empathy, we discuss a limited number of these disorders including psychopathy/antisocial personality disorders, borderline and narcissistic personality disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, and alexithymia. We argue that future clinical investigations of empathy disorders can only be informative if behavioral, dispositional and biological factors are combined.
机译：移情是精神病学，心理治疗和临床心理学的核心概念。同理心的建构不仅涉及到对方实际或推断的情绪状态的情感体验，而且还涉及对对方情绪状态的一些最小的认识和理解。考虑到包括社会心理学，认知神经科学和临床神经心理学在内的多层次分析，提出了一种共情模型，该模型涉及自下而上和自上而下的信息处理，并以并行和分布式计算机制为基础。该模型的预测有效性参考临床情况进行了探讨。由于许多精神疾病与缺乏或什至缺乏同情心相关，因此我们讨论了这些疾病中的少数疾病，包括精神病/反社会人格障碍，交际和自恋型人格障碍，自闭症谱系障碍和运动障碍。我们认为，只有将行为，性格和生物学因素结合起来，对移情障碍的未来临床研究才能提供有益的信息。

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