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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >Altered environmental light drives retinal change in the Atlantic Tarpon ( Megalops atlanticus ) over timescales relevant to marine environmental disturbance
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Altered environmental light drives retinal change in the Atlantic Tarpon ( Megalops atlanticus ) over timescales relevant to marine environmental disturbance

机译：在与海洋环境扰动有关的时间范围内，环境光的变化驱动了大西洋塔彭（Megalops atlanticus）的视网膜变化。

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For many fish species, retinal function changes between life history stages as part of an encoded developmental program. Retinal change is also known to exhibit plasticity because retinal form and function can be influenced by light exposure over the course of development. Aside from studies of gene expression, it remains largely unknown whether retinal plasticity can provide functional responses to short-term changes in environmental light quality. The aim of this study was to determine whether the structure and function of the fish retina can change in response to altered light intensity and spectrum—not over the course of a developmental regime, but over shorter time periods relevant to marine habitat disturbance. The effects of light environment on sensitivity of the retina, as well as on cone photoreceptor distribution were examined in the Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) on 2- and 4-month timescales. In a spectral experiment, juvenile M. atlanticus were placed in either ‘red’ or ‘blue’ light conditions (with near identical irradiance), and in an intensity?experiment, juveniles were placed in either ‘bright’ or ‘dim’ light conditions (with near identical spectra). Analysis of the retina by electroretinography and anti-opsin immunofluorescence revealed that relative to fish held in the blue condition, those in the red condition exhibited longer-wavelength peak sensitivity and greater abundance of long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone photoreceptors over time. Following pre-test dark adaption of the retina, fish held in the dim light required less irradiance to produce a standard retinal response than fish held in bright light, developing a greater sensitivity to white light over time. The results show that structure and function of the M. atlanticus retina can rapidly adjust to changes in environmental light within a given developmental stage, and that such changes are dependent on light quality and the length of exposure. These findings suggest that the fish retina may be resilient to disturbances in environmental light, using retinal plasticity to compensate for changes in light quality over short timescales.
机译：对于许多鱼类，视网膜功能在生活史阶段之间会发生变化，这是编码的发育程序的一部分。视网膜变化也表现出可塑性，因为在发育过程中曝光会影响视网膜的形状和功能。除了对基因表达的研究外，视网膜可塑性是否能对环境光质量的短期变化提供功能性响应还不清楚。这项研究的目的是确定鱼视网膜的结构和功能是否可以响应于变化的光强度和光谱而变化—不是在发育过程中，而是在与海洋栖息地干扰有关的较短时间内。在2个月和4个月的时间尺度上，检查了大西洋泰蓬（Megalops atlanticus）中光环境对视网膜敏感性以及视锥光感受器分布的影响。在光谱实验中，将大西洋大西洋支原体放在“红”或“蓝”光条件下（辐照度几乎相同），在强度实验中，将少年置于“亮”或“暗”光条件下（具有几乎相同的光谱）。通过视网膜电图和抗视蛋白免疫荧光对视网膜的分析表明，相对于处于蓝色状态的鱼类，处于红色状态的鱼类随着时间的推移表现出更长的波长峰值灵敏度和更大的长波长敏感（LWS）锥型感光体丰度。在对视网膜进行黑暗测试后，昏暗光线下的鱼比明亮光线下的鱼需要更少的辐照才能产生标准的视网膜反应，从而随着时间的推移对白光的敏感性更高。结果表明，在给定的发育阶段，大西洋支原体视网膜的结构和功能可以快速适应环境光的变化，并且这种变化取决于光质量和曝光时间。这些发现表明，鱼类视网膜可以抵抗环境光的干扰，利用视网膜可塑性来补偿短时间内的光质量变化。

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