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Strategies for faba bean improvement growing under severe conditions and in the presence of a wide range of disease

机译：在恶劣条件下和多种疾病存在下促进蚕豆生长的策略

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Successful production of faba bean crops under severe conditions and in the presence of a wide range of disease-causing fungi, parasitic weeds, nematodes, insects, mites and other pests depends on the integration of genetic resistance, hygienic management, monitoring of the target organisms and timely application of appropriate chemical and biological treatments. This paper reviews the strategies developed to enhance growth of faba bean, the limits and possible solutions. Control methods are being developed that comprise agronomical management techniques, chemical and biological control methods, genetic and induced resistance. However, the main concern is that to date, no single method of control provides complete protection against these pathogens and parasites. For that reason, an integrated approach is needed in which a variety of such techniques are combined, in order to maintain faba bean production under severe conditions. For inducing genetic diversity the use of ionizing radiation especially gamma rays, is well established. Induced mutations have been used to improve major crops which are seed propagated. Since the establishment of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of the Nuclear Techniques in Agriculture, more than 1800 cultivars obtained either as direct mutants or derived fromtheir crosses have been released worldwide in 50 countries. In the presence of regression of faba bean culture in the world caused by selection pressure on the pathogens and pests, creating new varieties, continued breeding for novel resistance genes, development of new selective chemicals, screening for new biocontrol agents and the design of new management strategies will all be necessary.
机译：在恶劣条件下并存在多种致病真菌，寄生性杂草，线虫，昆虫，螨虫和其他害虫的情况下，成功地种植蚕豆作物取决于遗传抗药性的整合，卫生管理，目标生物的监测并及时应用适当的化学和生物处理。本文回顾了发展促进蚕豆生长的策略，局限性和可能的​​解决方案。正在开发控制方法，包括农艺管理技术，化学和生物控制方法，遗传和诱导抗性。但是，最主要的担心是，迄今为止，还没有单一的控制方法能够针对这些病原体和寄生虫提供完全的保护。因此，需要一种综合的方法，其中将各种这样的技术结合起来，以便在严酷的条件下维持蚕豆的生产。为了诱导遗传多样性，已经很好地使用了电离辐射，尤其是伽马射线。诱导突变已用于改善种子繁殖的主要农作物。自粮农组织/国际原子能机构农业核技术联合司成立以来，已在全球50个国家释放了1800多个作为直接突变体或从其杂交获得的品种。由于病原体和病虫害的选择压力导致世界蚕豆文化的退化，创造新品种，继续培育新的抗性基因，开发新的选择性化学品，筛选新的生物防治剂和设计新的管理方法策略都是必要的。

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