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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >Frequency-dependent selection by wild birds promotes polymorphism in model salamanders
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Frequency-dependent selection by wild birds promotes polymorphism in model salamanders

机译：野生鸟类的频率依赖性选择促进了模型sal的多态性

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Background Co-occurrence of distinct colour forms is a classic paradox in evolutionary ecology because both selection and drift tend to remove variation from populations. Apostatic selection, the primary hypothesis for maintenance of colour polymorphism in cryptic animals, proposes that visual predators focus on common forms of prey, resulting in higher survival of rare forms. Empirical tests of this frequency-dependent foraging hypothesis are rare, and the link between predator behaviour and maintenance of variation in prey has been difficult to confirm. Here, we show that predatory birds can act as agents of frequency-dependent selection on terrestrial salamanders. Polymorphism for presence/absence of a dorsal stripe is widespread in many salamander species and its maintenance is a long-standing mystery. Results We used realistic food-bearing model salamanders to test whether selection by wild birds maintains a stripeo-stripe polymorphism. In experimental manipulations, whichever form was most common was most likely to be attacked by ground-foraging birds, resulting in a survival advantage for the rare form. Conclusion This experiment demonstrates that frequency-dependent foraging by wild birds can maintain colour polymorphism in cryptic prey.
机译：背景不同颜色形式的共现是进化生态学中的经典悖论，因为选择和漂移都倾向于消除种群的变异。隐性选择是维持隐性动物颜色多态性的主要假设，它提出视觉掠食者着眼于常见的猎物形式，从而导致稀有形式的存活率更高。对这种与频率有关的觅食假说的实证检验很少，而且捕食者行为与维持猎物变化之间的联系很难确定。在这里，我们证明了掠夺性鸟类可以充当陆生sal的频率依赖性选择的媒介。存在/不存在背条纹的多态性在许多sal物种中很普遍，其维持是一个长期的谜。结果我们使用了现实的食物模型am来测试野生鸟类的选择是否保持条纹/无条纹多态性。在实验操作中，最常见的一种形式最有可能被地面觅食的鸟类攻击，从而为这种稀有形式带来生存优势。结论该实验表明野生鸟类的频率依赖性觅食可以维持隐性猎物的颜色多态性。

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