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Radical loss of an extreme extra-pair mating system

机译：极端配对配对系统的根本损失

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Background Mating outside the pair-bond is surprisingly common in socially monogamous birds, but rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP) vary widely between species. Although differences in life-history and contemporary ecological factors may explain some interspecific variation, evolutionary forces driving extra-pair (EP) mating remain largely obscure. Also, since there is a large phylogenetic component to the frequency of EPP, evolutionary inertia may contribute substantially to observed EP mating patterns. However, the relative importance of plasticity and phylogenetic constraints on the incidence of EP mating remains largely unknown. Results We here demonstrate very low levels of EPP (4.4% of offspring) in the purple-crowned fairy-wren Malurus coronatus, a member of the genus with the highest known levels of EPP in birds. In addition, we show absence of the suite of distinctive behavioral and morphological adaptations associated with EP mating that characterize other fairy-wrens. Phylogenetic parsimony implies that these characteristics were lost in one speciation event. Nonetheless, many life-history and breeding parameters that are hypothesized to drive interspecific variation in EPP are not different in the purple-crowned fairy-wren compared to its promiscuous congeners. Conclusion Such radical loss of an extreme EP mating system with all associated adaptations from a lineage of biologically very similar species indicates that evolutionary inertia does not necessarily constrain interspecific variation in EPP. Moreover, if apparently minor interspecific differences regularly cause large differences in EPP, this may be one reason why the evolution of EP mating is still poorly understood.
机译：背景在社会上一夫一妻制的鸟类中，在双键之外交配非常常见，但是不同物种之间的超亲权（EPP）发生率差异很大。尽管生活史和现代生态因素的差异可以解释某些种间差异，但驱动超对（EP）交配的进化力仍然很模糊。同样，由于EPP的频率存在很大的系统发育成分，因此进化惯性可能会极大地有助于观察到的EP交配模式。但是，可塑性和系统发育限制对EP交配发生率的相对重要性仍然未知。结果我们在这里证明了紫色加冠的仙女Mal Malurus coronatus中EPP的水平非常低（后代的4.4％），Malurus coronatus是鸟类中EPP含量最高的属之一。此外，我们发现缺乏与EP交配相关的独特行为和形态学适应套件，而这是其他童话般的特征。系统发生简约意味着这些特征在一次物种形成事件中丧失了。但是，被认为是导致EPP种间变异的许多生命史和繁殖参数与紫色混杂的同类动物相比，紫冠仙女w并没有什么不同。结论极端EP交配系统的这种根本性丧失以及一系列生物学上非常相似的物种的所有相关适应性变化表明，进化惯性并不一定限制EPP的种间变异。此外，如果明显的种间差异通常导致EPP的较大差异，则这可能是为什么对EP交配进化仍知之甚少的原因之一。

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