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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Ecology >Diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia
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Diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia

机译：温带西澳大利亚州光合海绵的多样性和丰富性

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Background Photosynthetic sponges are important components of reef ecosystems around the world, but are poorly understood. It is often assumed that temperate regions have low diversity and abundance of photosynthetic sponges, but to date no studies have investigated this question. The aim of this study was to compare the percentages of photosynthetic sponges in temperate Western Australia (WA) with previously published data on tropical regions, and to determine the abundance and diversity of these associations in a range of temperate environments. Results We sampled sponges on 5 m belt transects to determine the percentage of photosynthetic sponges and identified at least one representative of each group of symbionts using 16S rDNA sequencing together with microscopy techniques. Our results demonstrate that photosynthetic sponges are abundant in temperate WA, with an average of 63% of sponge individuals hosting high levels of photosynthetic symbionts and 11% with low to medium levels. These percentages of photosynthetic sponges are comparable to those found on tropical reefs and may have important implications for ecosystem function on temperate reefs in other areas of the world. A diverse range of symbionts sometimes occurred within a small geographic area, including the three "big" cyanobacterial clades, Oscillatoria spongeliae, "Candidatus Synechococcus spongiarum" and Synechocystis species, and it appears that these clades all occur in a wide range of sponges. Additionally, spongin-permeating red algae occurred in at least 7 sponge species. This study provides the first investigation of the molecular phylogeny of rhodophyte symbionts in sponges. Conclusion Photosynthetic sponges are abundant and diverse in temperate WA, with comparable percentages of photosynthetic to non-photosynthetic sponges to tropical zones. It appears that there are three common generalist clades of cyanobacterial symbionts of sponges which occur in a wide range of sponges in a wide range of environmental conditions.
机译：背景技术光合海绵是全世界珊瑚礁生态系统的重要组成部分，但了解甚少。人们通常认为温带地区光合海绵的多样性和丰富性较低，但迄今为止，尚无研究调查此问题。这项研究的目的是将温带西澳大利亚州（WA）的光合海绵百分比与先前发布的热带地区数据进行比较，并确定在各种温带环境中这些关联的丰度和多样性。结果我们在5 m带状样带上取样海绵以确定光合海绵的百分比，并使用16S rDNA测序和显微镜技术鉴定了每组共生体的至少一个代表。我们的结果表明，温带西澳大利亚州的光合海绵含量很高，平均63％的海绵个体拥有高水平的光合共生体，而11％的海绵个体具有低至中等水平。这些光合海绵的百分比与热带珊瑚礁上的百分比相当，并且可能对世界其他地区的温带珊瑚礁的生态系统功能产生重要影响。有时在一个较小的地理区域内会发生各种各样的共生菌，包括三个“大”蓝细菌进化枝，海绵小孢子菌，海绵状念珠菌和囊藻（Synechocystcystis）种，这些进化枝似乎都出现在各种各样的海绵中。此外，至少有7种海绵物种中发生了渗透海绵的红藻。这项研究提供了海绵中红景天共生体分子系统发育的首次研究。结论温带西澳大利亚州的光合海绵丰富多样，与热带地区相比，光合海绵的百分比可与非光合海绵相比。似乎存在三种常见的海绵蓝细菌共生进化枝，它们出现在各种环境条件下的各种海绵中。

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